Exam 3 Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
Spheres Of Physical Activity
A
- Sphere Of Self Sufficiency
- Sphere Of Self Expression
- Sphere Of Work
- Sphere Of Education
- Sphere Of Leisure
- Sphere Of Health
- Sphere Of Competition
2
Q
Self Sufficiency
A
- Physical activity is necessary to care for oneself, can be used to judge one’s level of independence.
- ADLs(Activities of Daily Living) such as bathing, dressing, using the toilet, eating, walking, self care.
- IADLs(Instrumental Activities Of Daily Living) are more strenuous than ADLs, less personal, things like shopping, cooking, or doing laundry.
3
Q
Aging
A
- By 2030, 22% of the U.S population will be 65 or older.
- 11.8% of 55-64 year olds have ADL impairments
- Almost 50% of 85+ population have ADL impairments.
- Older people are often injured trying to do ADLs and IADLs.
- Dependence on others increases.
- Quality of life diminishes.
4
Q
Self Expression
A
- Consider how you express yourself through physical activity.
- Like moving your hands while talking.
5
Q
Work and Physical Activity
A
- Physical activity is an integral part of our work.
- Physical activity produces goods and services.
- Ergonomists or human factors engineers. Specialists that focus on improved efficiency, greater productivity, and improved safety in the work setting.
6
Q
Education
A
-Physical Activity is integral to all forms and levels of education, including the following: writing(hand, wrist, arm movements), reading(eye movement) to complete an English assignment, using calculator for math, physical education.
7
Q
NASPE content standards
A
- Developed to guide quality physical education programs and produce physically educated people.
- Standards for physical education teachers.
- Objectives for the physically educated person: 1) Demonstrate competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities.
2) Demonstrate understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities.
3) Participates regularly in physical activity.
4) Achieves and maintains a health enhancing level of physical fitness.
5) Exhibit responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings.
6) Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self expression, or social interaction.
8
Q
Leisure
A
- Free time: Personal time not encumbered with obligations.
- Leisure: State of being in which humans find deep satisfaction and contentment.
9
Q
Watching Sports
A
- A form of sedentary leisure on the rise.
- People spend more than $1 billion on tickets to professional and amateur sporting events each year.
10
Q
Competition
A
- Competition in physical activity is usually associated with sport although it can exist in exercise.
- Competition can be positive or negative.
- Types of Competition: side by side, face to face non contact, face to face contact, impersonal.
11
Q
Instrumental Movements
A
-Critical movements required to attain the goal of the activity.
12
Q
Expressive Movements
A
-Idiosyncratic(Habitual) movements that are not required for goal attainment but that express something about the individual.
13
Q
Importance Of Physical Activity Experiences
A
- Broad, physical activities you engaged in today
- Brushing teeth, walking, preparing food. Physical activity is a part of almost everything we do.
14
Q
Subjective Experiences
A
-How physical activity affects our thoughts and feelings, how those feelings affect our future physical activity choices, and how we derive knowledge and meaning through physical activity.
15
Q
Social Environment
A
-Parents, peers, teachers or coaches
16
Q
Personal Circumstances
A
-Geography, local physical activity culture, economic considerations, personal attributes.
17
Q
Preferences
A
- Reflect the uniqueness of the individual.
- Physical activity professionals need to pay attention to the people they are working with, especially their needs, desires, and personal attributes.
18
Q
Motor Skills
A
-Physical activities in which performers try to attain goals by executing efficient, coordinated motor responses.
19
Q
Practice
A
-Physical activity experience that involves cognitive processing and leads to skill improvement.
20
Q
Learning
A
-Permanent alteration in the functioning of the nervous system that enables performers to achieve predetermined goals consistently.
21
Q
Training
A
-Physical activity carried out for the purpose of conditioning one for performance.
22
Q
A Physically Fit Person
A
- Can perform the essential activities of daily living at a high level.
- Has sufficient energy remaining to pursue an active leisure life.
- Can meet unexpected physical demands that emergencies may impose.
23
Q
Closed Skills Versus Open Skills
A
- Closed Skills: Environment predictable, movements consistent from trial to trial, coordinating movements with changing environment unnecessary, anticipation of external events not necessary.
- Open Skills: Environment unpredictable, movements vary from trial to trial, coordinating movements with changing environment essential, anticipation of external events essential.
24
Q
Task Analysis
A
-The process of systematically identifying the critical components of an activity.
25
Heredity
-Inheriting ability and stature from your parents.
26
Humans and Animals At Play
- Both humans and animals play.
- Exercise play, running, jumping, climbing.
- Object play, use fine movements to move objects in some way.
- Construction play, materials are combined to create a new product, as in clay modeling.
- Social Contingency play, like peek a boo and tickling.
- Rough and Tumble play, vigorous physical contact with playful signals like wrestling and pursuit games.
- Fantasy Play, real or imaginary objects are given properties different from those they actually possess.
- Games with rules, behavior is guided by explicit rules.
27
Hypokinetic Diseases
-Diseases known to result from a physically inactive lifestyle, like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity.
28
Motor Performance Fitness
-The ability to perform daily activities with vigor.
29
Health Related Fitness
-Reference to having developed through physical activity experience, the traits and capacities normally associated with a healthy body, specifically in relation to diseases known to result from a physically inactive lifestyle.
30
Immediate Subjective Experiences
- When we engage in physical activity, our movements create immediate emotional and cognitive impressions.
- Each time we engage in physical activity, complex sensory signals flood our nervous system.
- All physical activity is accompanied by sensations that we can convert to perceptions, emotions, and knowledge, we must be open to these to get the full experience.
31
Replayed Subjective Experiences
-Subjective experiences often endure in memory for months, years or even a lifetime.
32
Components Of Subjective Experience
- Sensations and perceptions.
- Emotions and emotional responses.
- Knowledge and subjective experience: Psychoanalytic self knowledge(deep seated desires), mystical knowledge(rare and special, peak experience), socratic self knowledge(what we know and what we dont know).
33
Extrinsic Approaches
Valuing physical activity because of the benefits that come from participating like running a race to win a trophy.
34
Intrinsic Approaches(autotelic)
-Valuing physical activity because of the subjective experiences embedded within the activity itself like drifting into a runner's high or running because it makes you feel good.
35
Factors Affecting The Enjoyment Of Physical Activity
- Factors related to the activity.(More enjoyable when the challenges match our abilities, the activity has clear goals, feedback is sufficient, and is arranged in a competitive framework.
- Factors related to the performer.(Dispositions(temporary or situational): Perceived competency, absorption, perceived control.
- Factors related to the social context.(Alone versus with others, environment, sense of perceived freedom).
36
Factors Affecting The Enjoyment Of Watching Sports
-Knowledge of the game: Helps us appreciate the quality and significance of the performance.
37
Sociology Of Physical Activity
-Focuses on the shared beliefs and social practices that constitute specific forms of physical activity.
38
Goals of Studying Sociology Of Physical Activity
- To look at physical activity with a penetrating gaze that goes beyond our common understanding of social life.
- To identify and analyze patterns of change and stability in physical activity.
- To critique physical activity programs in order to identify problems and recommend changes leading to the enhancement of equality and human well being.
39
Issues Of Gender
- Title IX legislation, more girls and women participating, societal perceptions of gender appropriated physical activities.
- More girls and women participating, societal perceptions of gender appropriate physical activities.
- Popular media representations, disparity in coverage.
- Women focus is on artistic quality, men focus is on movements, skills, and strategic knowledge.
40
Race
- Historically, culturally and socially defined category of social difference typically marked by phenotypical variance among people.
- In elite team sports and in track and field, African American male athletes are overrepresented in proportion to the general population.
- Baseball and hockey are major league sports where African American males are underrepresented.
- Few african americans reach important sport leadership positions.
41
Socioeconomic Status
- Influences the types of physical activities to which people have access.
- Physical activities requiring expensive equipment, facilities, and coaching are mostly beyond the reach of people at lower income levels.
42
Political
-Political polls about voting preferences are also surveys.
