Exam 3 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Parafunctional is affected by:
A
Size and shape and number of roots Quantity and quality of the bone Presence of microbial biofilm Oral habits Missing and shifting teeth
2
Q
Allows some trauma without damage
Occurs when the condyles of the TMJ rest in the normal closed superoanterior position and the mandible is even contact
AKA Occlusion or Centric Occlusion or Maximum Intercupation or Vertical Dimension of Occlusion
A
Hyperfunction
3
Q
Heavy occlusal forces exceed adaptive range causing injury in an otherwise healthy periodontium
A
Primary Traumatic Occlusion
4
Q
Heavy occlusal forces exceeding the adaptive range causing injury EXCEPT the periodontium is already periodontally involved
A
Secondary Traumatic Occlusion
5
Q
Traumatic occlusion DOES NOT mean the same
This occlusion sometimes function perfectly well
A
Malocclusion
6
Q
Produces pain or dysfunction in the masticatory system
A
TMD- Temporomandibular Disorder
7
Q
Disorder involves muscles not the joint
A
Extracapsular
8
Q
Involves the joint itself 5-7% of the population would benefit from TMD therapy
A
Intracapsular
9
Q
Single event injury (ex: car wreck)
A
Macrotrauma
10
Q
Event over time that causes damage such as bruxism
A
Microtrauma
11
Q
Oral habits are repetitive masticatory activities outside the normal range of function
A
TRUE
12
Q
Muscle and facial disorders of the masticatory system:
A
Myalgia, trismus, spasm, dyskinesia, and bruxism
13
Q
TMJ Disorders
A
Arthritis, etc
14
Q
Mandibular Mobility Disorders:
A
Ankylosis, muscular fibrosis, and adhesions
15
Q
Maxillomandibular Growth Disorders:
A
Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic disorders
16
Q
Clenching/grinding
Nocturnal- night time
Diurnal- day time
A
Bruxism
17
Q
Bruxism causes what to happen?
A
Toothwear Myalia Tooth fractures Headaches Restorative nightmare Hypertrophy- extraction nightmare
18
Q
Bruxism may cause
A
Widened PDL, bone loss, and mobility in some people and in others cause hypercememtosis and tooth fractures in others but in both cause the patient pain and eventual tooth loss
19
Q
TMD Symptoms:
A
Pain Tenderness in muslces & TMJ Clicking- dyskinesia Limited motion Swelling Ears ringing - tinnitus
20
Q
Maximum Intercuspation
A
Centric occlusion
Vertical dimension of occlusion
Occlusion
21
Q
Tooth or area that “hits first” preventing even, well distributed contact
A
Supracontact
22
Q
Criteria for TMD treatment
- Determine the correct differential diagnosis
- Selected with reason and purpose
- Directed towards the symptom relief
A
Clark’s Guideline
23
Q
TMD Treatment: Home Therapy
A
Soft diet
Heat and cold packs applied
Exercises
24
Q
TMD Treatment: Physical Therapy
A
Ultrasound
ELectrical Stimulation
Manipulations
More highly defined exercises
25
TMD Treatment: Occlusal Appliances
Splints
Biteguards
Nightguards
Sleep Apnea Devices
26
TMD Treatment: Behavioral Therapy
Counseling for:
Stress
Anxiety
Depression
27
TMD Treatment: Pharmacologic Therapy
Anti-inflammatories
Analgesics
Muscle Relaxants
Anesthesia
28
TMD Treatment: Surgical Procedures
```
Arthroscopic
Arthrocentesis
Condylotomy
Condylectomy
Nerve Section
```
29
Considerations for Treating Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders:
```
Appointment duration as brief as possible
Aids during treatment (biteblock)
Home care suggestions
Postoperative care (soft diet, etc(
Short and frequent recall appointments
```
30
State of morphofunctional harmony in which occlusal forces developed during function are WITHIN AN ADAPTIVE physiologic range
There are no pathologic changes
Orthofunction
31
State of morphofunctional disharmony in which the forces developed during function cause pathologic changes resulting in pain or abnormal function
Dependent upon the adaptive capabilities
Dysfunction
32
Activity such as grinding, clenching, etc which causes stress leading to resorption of either tooth or bone
Or hypertrophic changes such as hypercementosis
Or tooth fractures leading to pain
Or tooth mobility
Parafunctional
33
Pain in a joint structure
Arthralgia
34
Puncture of a joint space with a needle and removal of fluid
Arthrocentesis
35
Grinding or gnashing of the teeth
Bruxism
36
Clamping and forcing the teeth together without grinding
Clenching
37
Cracking or snapping noise in the TMJ because of disk and condyle incoordination; can occur in one or both joints
Clicking
38
Grating noise in the TMJ because of damage to the disk and articulating joint surfaces
Crepitus
39
Abnormal movement; can descrive masticatory muscle incoordination or spasm
Dyskinesia
40
Mandible in movement from side to side and forward; movement away from the intercuspal position
Encursive movement
41
Vibration or movement of a tooth when in function; can be observed or felt by placing a finger over the tooth
Fremitus
42
Enlargement
Hypertrophy
43
The maximum intercuspation of the mandibular and maxillary teeth; also called supracontact
Interference
44
Mandibular movement away from the midlinel the laterotrusive side moves away from the midline in function
Laterotrusion
45
Mandibular movement toward the midline; the mediotrusive side moves toward the midline in function
Mediotrusion
46
Relationship of form and function
Morphofunction
47
Pain in muscle
Myalgia
48
Inflammation in a muscle
Myositis
49
Treatment that alters the occlusal contacts or mandibular position of the jaw
Occlusal therapy
50
Pathologic changes in the oral cavity as a result of occlusal forces; an occlusion-producting injury
Occlusal trauma
51
A occlusion that is free of disease and dysfunction and has adapted to some physiologic changes
Physiologic occlusion
52
The mandible in the end point of the terminal hinge closure; also called centric relation position
Retruded contact position
53
Involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, usually painful and interfering with function
Spasm
54
Spasm in the masticatory muscles associated with a disturbance in the trigeminal nerve
Trismus
55
The term that best describes heavy occlusal forces that have caused injury to tissues and bone in a normal periodontium is:
Primary traumatic occlusion
56
The etiology of TMDs is described as:
Multifactorial
57
An oral habit such as bruxism can result in all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. change in microbiota
b muscular hypertrophy
c. periodontal tissue injury
d. muscular pain
Change in microbiota
58
What are the four primary symptoms of TMDs?
Muscle pain, jaw pain, dyskinesia, and limitation of motion
59
Myalgia is best described as:
Pain in the muscles
60
The normal jaw should achieve am opening distance of at least 40 mm. Any finding less than 40 mm should be considered a symptom of a TMD and referred for treatment.
a. both are true
b. both are flase
c. first statement true, second is false
d. first statement is false, second is true
C
61
The most frequently recommended approach for the treatment of TMDs is physical medicine therapy because it is conservative and reversible.
a.
Both the statemnt and the reason are correct and related!
62
What perio procedural phase is this?
Emergency treatment
- dental or periapical in origin
- periodontal
- extractions
Preliminary Phase
63
What perio procedural phase is this?
```
Plaque biofilm
Diet control sugar intake
Scaling and root planning
Restorative
Antimicrobial
Occlusal therapy
Orthodontic
Splinting
```
Phase 1- Etiologic Phase
64
What perio procedural phase is this?
Periodontal Surgery
- periodontal, gingivectomy, etc
- including implants
- endodontic therapy
Phase 2- Surgical Phase
65
What perio procedural phase is this?
Final restorations
Fixed and removable prosthodontics
Evaluation of response to restorativce phase
New periodontal exam
Phase 3- Restorative Phase
66
What perio procedural phase is this?
Plaque and biofilm removal
Monitoring- periodontal condition, occlusion and tooth mobility, & all other pathologic conditions
Phase 4 Therapy- Maintenance Phase
67
Case Type 1
Gingivitis
68
Case Type 2
Slight Chronic Periodontitis
69
Case Type 3
Moderate Chronic or Aggressive Periodontitis
70
Case Type 4
Advanced Chronic Periodontitis or Aggressive Periodontitis
71
Case Type 5
Refractory Chronic or Aggressive Periodontitis
72
Slight
1-2 mm loss
73
Moderate
3-4 mm loss
74
Severe
5 mm or greater
75
Considerations for # of visits:
Severity of disease
Extent of disease
Amount of calculus
Amount of patient education required
76
Reason for the procedure
Description of the procedure
Benefits from the procedure
Risks that could result from the procedure
Prognosis with recommended procedures
Prognosis if recommended procedure not performed
Presentation of other available options or alternatives
Elements of Informed Consent
77
Informed Refusal:
Pt has right to refuse
Pt must be informed
Patient must be aware of consequences
Written and signed by the patient and the hygienist
Pt DOES NOT and CANNOT give permission for malpractice
78
Progress notes should do the following:
Accurate and concise
Chronologic sequence
Descriptions of service, teeth or area, anesthetic, and anything note worthy
Dates of changed and cancelled appts.
Phone calls related to treatment
Notes of prescriptions, drugs, or materials dispensed
Referrals and requests for radiographs
Recall plan
Dated and electronically signed by the clinician
79
Chart notes
Progress notes
80
What are the goals of the treatment plan?
To eliminate and control etiologic and predisposing factors of disease, maintain health, and prevent recurrence of disease
81
The two universally accepted strategies for minimizing the risks associated with providing dental and dental hygiene services are:
Good documentation
| Careful communication with the patient
82
What is it called when the periodontal patient requires a follow-up visit to evaluate the response of the tissues to the scaling and debridement procedures?
Reevaluation or 1-month evaluation
83
When should tissue healing and the patient's progress toward effective plaque control be observed and evaluated?
4 weeks after the debridement sequence is completed to allow for healing of the connective tissues
84
Organized systematic group of dental hygiene activities that provides the framework for delivering quality dental hygiene care
Dental hygiene process of care
85
Which phase of treatment describes the periodontal procedures designed to control or eliminate the causative factors of disease?
Phase 1
86
The term for when a patient refuses any further recommended periodontal treatment is:
Informed refusal
87
The goals of treatment planning are to eliminate and control factors of diease and to prevent recurrence of disease. The dental hygienist can use treatment planning as an opportunity to explain problems to [atients in understandible terms.
a. both true
b. both false
c. first statement true, second statement flase
d. first statement false, second statement true
a. both true
88
All of the following factors influence the number and length of visits for dental hygiene care EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. amount of calculus
b. severity of periodontal pockets
c. height of patient
d. amount of dental caries
e. willingness of patient to cooperate
c. height of patient
89
The treatment plan is a guideline for the management of comprehensive periodontal and restorative care. The treatment plan is essential for every periodontal patient.
a. both true
b. both false
c. first statement true, second false
d. first statement false, second true
a. both true
90
The components of dental hygiene care are divided into five categories:
```
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
```
91
Severity of periodontal disease is characterized as slight, moderate, or severe because these characterizations are helpful in determining the appropriate treatment time and sequence.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related!
92
The dental hygienist is most often responsible for treating the periodontal patient in what phases?
Phase 1 & Phase 4
93
The elements of informed consent include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
a. implied consent
b. risks and benefits
c. prognosis if treatment is performed
d. prognosis if treatment is not performed
a. implied consent
