Exam 3

Question 1

Glucocorticoids/mineralcorticoids and secreted by which gland

Answer 1

adrenal gland

Question 2

glucocorticoids _____ and are regulated by

Answer 2

raise blood glucose level

ACTH

Question 3

mineralcorticoids _____ and are regulated by

Answer 3

reabsorption of N+, H2O and excretion of K+, H+, in kidneys

K+ in blood, angiotensin III

Question 4

Which glands secrete androgens/ovaries?

Answer 4

testis- androgens

ovaries- estrogens and progestagens

Question 5

Role of androgens and what are they regulated by

Answer 5

sperm formation, male secondary sex characteristics

FSH and LH

Question 6

Role of estrogen and progestagens and what are they regulated by

Answer 6

est: uterine lining growth, female secondary sex characteristics
progest: uterine lining growth

FSH and LH

Question 7

Estrane

Answer 7

18 carbons

Question 8

Androstane

Answer 8

19 carbons

Question 9

Pregnane

Answer 9

21 carbons

Question 10

Cholestane

Answer 10

27 carbons

Question 11

Cholane

Answer 11

24 carbons

Question 12

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (CPPP)

Answer 12

17 carbon structure
3-rings A,B,C (and D but apparently that doesn’t count)
base structure for mammalian steroids

Question 13

how many conformations isomers are possible

Answer 13

8 possible but only 3 are common

Question 14

which 3 conformational isomers are common?

Answer 14

trans-trans-trans
cis-trans-trans
cis-trans-cis
(constituents will determine cis or trans)

Question 15

what does the delta5-steroid represent?

Answer 15

location of a double bond

Question 16

What enzyme is necessary for biosynthesis of squalene that is often blocked with cholesterol reduction therapy?

Answer 16

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 17

An OH at carbon 17 in alpha configuration indicates what

Answer 17

that it is a glucocorticoid (cortisol)

Question 18

which is more active cortisone or cortisol?

Answer 18

cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Question 19

Aldosterone equilibrates with what form

Answer 19

hemiacetal

Question 20

Why develop synthetic corticoids?

Answer 20

not readily available naturally
susceptible to first pass metabolism
to reduce side effects

Question 21

Semi-synthetic approaches

Answer 21

long steps for total synthesis, limited functional grps for modification, available materials in nature: bile acid, plant steroids

Question 22

Other routes for administration

Answer 22

IM injection

inhalation

Question 23

metabolism of cortisol

Answer 23

oral Cortisol acetate -> fpm -> hydrocortisone (cortisol) cortisone
1. 5a/b-reductase
2. dehydrogenase
loss of 17-ketol side chain = loss of functionality