Exam 3 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint
A
- intercalvicular
- ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments
- costoclavicular
2
Q
ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint
A
- superior/inferioracromioclavicular-coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid)
- coracoacromial
3
Q
roof of the shoulder
A
coracoacromial ligament
4
Q
ligaments of glenohumeral joint
A
- inferior/middle/superior glenohumeral ligaments
- coracohumeral ligament
5
Q
glenoid labrum
A
increases contact surface by 75%
6
Q
primary bursa of the shoulder
A
subacromial bursa
-under coracoacromial ligament and above supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint capsule
7
Q
impingement syndrome
A
-decreased subacromial space
-microtrauma of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, or long head of biceps
pathologic involvement: subacromial bursa, superaspinatus tendon
8
Q
spinal level of scapular spine
A
T3
9
Q
spinal level of inferior scapular angle
A
T7
10
Q
spinal level of last rib
A
T12
11
Q
spinal level of iliac crest
A
L4
12
Q
uncinate process
A
- c-spine
- located on superior/lateral edges of cervical bodies
- prevents posterior sliding movements of the vertebral bodies
- limits lateral flexion
13
Q
weight bearing part of vertebra
A
body
14
Q
protection part of vertebra
A
lamina and pedicle
15
Q
movement part of vertebra
A
spinous process and transverse process
16
Q
part of vertebra that obstructs movement
A
articulating processes
17
Q
the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of C1 is
A
the fovea dentis
18
Q
characteristics of cervical vertebra
A
- large triangular foramen
- uncinate processes
- bifid spinous processes
- transverse foramen
19
Q
characteristics of thoracic vertebra
A
- long spinous processes angled downward
- smaller/circular vertebral foramen
- synovial joint articulations with the ribs
20
Q
characteristics of lumbar vertebra
A
- large bodies
- triangular vertebral foramen
- articular facets in sagittal plane
- short stubby spinous processes
21
Q
anterior antlanto-occipital/axial ligaments
A
o-prevents excessive lordosis
22
Q
tectorial membrane
A
- covers dens and its ligaments
- overlies cruciform ligament
23
Q
cruciform ligament
A
- prevent dens from dislocating into vertebral canal
- transverse and longitudinal portion
24
Q
alar/apical ligaments
A
dens to foramen magnum
25
Anterior longitudinal ligament
- from axis to sacrum
| - anterior and lateral vertebral bodies and anterior intervertebral disk
26
posterior longitudinal ilgament
-axis to sacrum on posterior vertebral bodies
27
ligamentum flavum
- connects lamina
| - yelow from high elastin content
28
intertransverse ligament
-runs in frontal plane
29
interspinous ligament
-runs in sagittal plane
30
pattern of costal facets on t-spine
T1: full facet; 1 demifacet inferior
T10: 1 demifacet
T11: full costal facet
T12: full costal facet
31
Back muscle layers innervated by ventral rami
1
2
3
32
back muscle layers innervated by dorsal rami
4
5
6
7
33
nerve plexuses are only formed by
ventral rami
34
roots of dorsal scapular nerve
C5
35
nerve roots of suprascapular nerve
C5, C6
36
nerve roots of musculocutaneous
C5, C6, C7
37
nerve roots of nerve to subclavius
C5, C6
38
nerve roots of lower subscapular nerve
C5, C6
39
nerve roots of upper subscapular nerve
C5, C6
40
nerve roots of thoracodorsal nerve
C6, C7, C8
41
nerve roots of axillary nerve
C5, C6
42
nerve roots of radial nerve
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
43
nerve roots of long thoracic nerve
C5, C6, C7
44
nerve roots of median nerve
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
45
nerve roots of ulnar nerve
C8, T1
46
nerve root of medial pectoral nerve
C8, T1
47
nerve root of lateral pectoral nerve
C5, C6, C7
48
nerve root of medial antebrachial cutaneous
C8, T1
49
nerve root of medial brachial cutaneous
T1
50
nerves emerge ____ to the cervical vertebrae
superior
51
nerves emerge inferior to the ____ vertebrae
thoracic and lumbar
52
borders of the cubital fossa
superior: imaginary line between epicondyles
medial: pronator teres
lateral: brachioradialis
floor: brachialis and supinators
roof: deep fascia;bicipital aponeurosis; tissue;skin
53
contents of the cubital fossa
arteries: brachial and its branches
veins: basilic, cephalic, median cubital
muscle: biceps brachii
nerves: median, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous
54
mallet finger
- rupture of the extensor tendons on the base of the distal phalanx
- often causes avulsion
- from blow to tip of finger
55
swan neck deformity
- rupture of volar plate of the PIP
- lateral bands become lack allowing flexion of the DIP
- PIP is hyperextended while DIP is flexed
- seen in rheumatoid arthritis
56
Boutonniere deformity
- rupture of extensor tendon at its attachment to the base of th emiddle phalanx (central slip)
- lateral band pull PIP into flexion and DIP into extension
57
borders of carpal tunnel
radial border: scaphoid and trapezium
ulnar border: pisiform and hook of the hamate
roof: flexor retinaculum
58
structures in the carpal tunnel
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve
59
Dupuyntren's contracture
- thickening of palmar fascia
| - contracture of ulnar 2 fingers
60
palmar aponeuroses
- main function is to anchor palmar skin to improve grip
- deep layer helps create carpal tunnels
- protection to underlying muscle, nerves, and vessels
61
what ligament carries the hand during pronation of forearm
dorsal radiocarpal ligament
| -joins both collateral ligaments
62
ulnar medial collateral ligament
from ulna styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform
| -resists radial deviation
63
radial lateral collateral ligament
from radial styloid process to scaphoid and trapezium
| -resists ulnar deviation
64
TFCC
```
Triangular Fibrocartilage
Complex
*separates distal ulna from proximal carpal bones
-dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments
-triangular fibrocartilage
-ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligament
-ulnomeniscus homologue
```
65
triangular space contains
scapular circumflex artery
66
quadrangular space contains
- posterior humeral circumflex artery
| - axillary nerve
67
possible nerve damage with surgical neck fracture
axillary nerve
68
possible nerve damage from midshaft humeral fracture
radial nerve
69
possible nerve damage from distal humerus fracture
median nerve
70
possible nerve damage from fracture of medial epicondyle
ulnar nerve
71
damage if upper extremity suddenly pulled superiorly (catching if falling/neonate delivery)
Klumpke's Palsy
injury to inferior portion of brachial plexus:
C8/T1
72
increased angle beneath shoulder/neck (fall from height/neonate delivery)
- Erb-Duchenne palsy
- injury to superior portion of brachial plexus: C5/C6
- waiter's tip position
73
basilic vein
- medial vein
| - helps drain forearm and connects into brachial vein mid humerus
74
cephalic vein
runs up to connect to subclavian in shoulder region
75
subclavian vein is ____ to the anterior scalene muscle
anterior
76
main action of humero-radial joint
pronation/supination
| -modified hinge joint
77
capitulum helps resist:
valgus forces
| sits on the lateral side
78
elbow structure related to the carrying angle
trochlea since it is asymmetrical
79
radial notch
- on the ulna
| - proximal radioulnar joint articulation
80
annular ligament
holds the radial head to the ulna
- origin/insertion both on coronoid process
- inner surface has hyaline cartilage
81
interosseous membrane
- third radioulnar articulation
- surface area for muscle attachment
- transmits forces from distal to proximal
- guides movement of radius during pronation/supination
82
stability of the elbow
1. humeroulnar joint
2. ligaments
3. muscular support
83
elbow joint capsule is thicker
anteriorly than posteriorly
84
Ulnar collateral ligament (elbow)
- primary stabilizer against valgus stress
| - 3 parts
85
most commonly injured elbow ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
86
anterior oblique band of UCL
- medial epicondyle to coronoid process
- primary restraint against extension
- restrains valgus throughout entire ROM
87
posterior band of UCL
- medial epicondyle to olecranon
| - primary restraint against valgus from 65-140 degrees flexion
88
transverse band of UCL
coronoid process to olecranon
- reinforces medial joint capsule
- taut when other bands are taut
89
radial collateral ligament
- weak
- lateral epicondyle to annular ligament (not bone to bone)
- supports annular ligament
- resists varus force at elbow
90
lateral ulnar collateral ligament
- lateral epicondyle to lateral aspect of olecranon
- limited degree of support to capsule and varus forces
- sling to support radial head
- posterior lateral rotary instability if ruptured
91
what ligament acts as restraint to traction
- annular ligament
| - distal segment
92
cephalic vein is between what muscles?
pectoralis major
| deltoid
93
what vein is superficial to the brachial artery in the elbow?
median cubital vein
94
most medial structure in the cubital fossa
median nerve
95
prevalence of palmaris longus
absent in 10-20% of population
96
coracoacromial ligament
prevents superior dislocation of the humerus
97
what structures run deep to the arch of coracoacromial ligament and subacromial bursa?
- supraspinatus tendon
| - long head of biceps brachii
98
long thoracic nerve pasly presents as
scapular winging
| -serratus anterior not holding it anterior
99
what muscle stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?
supraspinatus
100
positions of zygapophyseal joints
cervical: 45 to horizontal
thoracic: 60 to horizontal
lumbar: vertical
101
what artery supplies teres minor?
scapular circumflex artery
102
blood supply to teres major?
thoracodorsal artery
103
blood supply to pectoralis major?
thoracoacromial a.
| lateral thoracic a.
104
long head of triceps brachii passes...
between teres minor and teres major
- lateral border to triangular space
- medial border to quadrangular space
