Exam 3

Question 1

average CoM vertical displacement during gait

Answer 1

5 cm

Question 2

average CoM side to side displacement during gait

Answer 2

4 cm

Question 3

what contributes most to conserving energy during gait:

Answer 3

1. ankle rotation
2. pelvic obliquity
3. knee flexion
4. frontal plane pelvic rotation

Question 4

pronation

Answer 4

eversion
abduction
dorsiflexion

Question 5

supination

Answer 5

inversion
adduction
plantar flexion

Question 6

normal dorsiflexion ROM

Answer 6

15-25 degrees

Question 7

normal plantarflexion ROM

Answer 7

40-55 degrees

Question 8

normal subtalar inversion ROM

Answer 8

23 degrees

Question 9

normal subtalar eversion ROM

Answer 9

13 degrees

Question 10

normal transverse tarsal inversion ROM

Answer 10

20-25 degrees

Question 11

normal transverse tarsal eversion ROM

Answer 11

10-15 degrees

Question 12

normal MTP extension ROM

Answer 12

65-85 degrees

Question 13

normal MTP flexion ROM

Answer 13

30-40 degrees

Question 14

arthrokinematics of subtalar joint

Answer 14

• posterior facet

- concave talar facet on convex calcaneus

Question 15

purpose of the subtalar joint

Answer 15

to adapt to terrain

Question 16

usual bone movement of subtalar joint

Answer 16

stable calcaneus and a moving talus

Question 17

spring ligament

Answer 17

supports transverse tarsal stability

-supports talar head during weight bearing

Question 18

keystone of medial longitudinal arch

Answer 18

talonavicular joint

Question 19

keystone of the transverse arch

Answer 19

middle cuneiform

Question 20

purposes of arces of the foot

Answer 20

• stability and resiliency
• shock absorption
• load bearing

Question 21

passive support of medial longitudinal arch

Answer 21

plantar fascia

Question 22

windlass effect

Answer 22

: plantar fascia is stretched by hyperextension of MTP’s, raising the arch

Question 23

purpose of distal intertarsal joints

Answer 23

• assist transverse tarsal joint in pronation and supination-transver to forefoot
• transverse arch support

Question 24

arthrokinematics of distal intertarsal joints

Answer 24

convex navicular facets, concave cuneiform facets

-mostly gliding

Question 25

normal amount of TMJ depression

Answer 25

35-55 mm

Question 26

normal amount of TMJ protrusion

Answer 26

6-8 mm

Question 27

normal TMJ lateral deviation

Answer 27

10 mm to each side

Question 28

translation of TMJ occurs in:

Answer 28

superior portion of joint

Question 29

roll of TMJ occurs in:

Answer 29

inferior portion of joint

Question 30

motions of protrusion:

Answer 30

anterior and inferior slide

Question 31

TMJ closed pack postion

Answer 31

teeth tightly clenched

Question 32

TMJ open pack position

Answer 32

mouth slightly open, lips together, teeth not in contact

Question 33

TMJ occlusal position

Answer 33

gentle contact of teeth

Question 34

time in swing phase during gait

Answer 34

40%

Question 35

time in stance phase during gait

Answer 35

60%

Question 36

time of double limb support during gait

Answer 36

10% double 40% single 10% double 40% single

Question 37

differences between stride cycle and gait cycle

Answer 37

- no toe off in running - no single leg support in running - reversed % spent in phases - toe out increases - center of mass height is lower at midstance with running

Question 38

subtalar movement in the frontal plane during gait:

Answer 38

- inversion at heel strike - eversion through stance - inversion with toe off

Question 39

masseter actions

Answer 39

- elevations - ipsilateral lateral deviation - protrusion

Question 40

medial pterygoid actions

Answer 40

- elevations - contralateral lateral deviation - protrusion

Question 41

lateral pterygoid actions

Answer 41

``` superior head: -contralateral lateral deviation -protrusion inferior head: -depression -contralateral lateral deviation ```

Question 42

temporalis

Answer 42

- elevation - ipsilateral lateral deviation - retrusion

Question 43

where do you have pain with TMD?

Answer 43

- headaches - cervical - jaw pain

Question 44

where is most stability in the ankle?

Answer 44

supination

Question 45

what ligament becomes taut when talus is moving anterior on the tibia?

Answer 45

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 46

arthrokinematics of the TMJ:

Answer 46

convex moving on a concave surface