Exam 3

Question 1

Cryptodira

Answer 1

Lineage of turtles that retract their head straight back into their shell by bending the neck in a vertical s-shaped curve

Question 2

Pleurodira

Answer 2

Lineage of turtles that retract their head into their shell by bending the neck horizontally

Question 3

Trochlear process

Answer 3

A bony process that acts as a pulley to guide the jaw adductor muscles

Question 4

Carapace

Answer 4

Dorsal part of the turtle shell made up of dermal bone with keratinous pattern of horny scutes

Question 5

Plastron

Answer 5

Ventral part of the turtle shell, made mostly of dermal bone with horny scutes

Question 6

Horny scutes

Answer 6

Keratinous plates that cover the carapace and plastron bones of a turtle’s shell

Question 7

Thermal inertia

Answer 7

Larger objects will change temperature much slower, so some sea turtles will be able to dive deeper to forage before they have to bask again

Question 8

Temperature dependent sex determination

Answer 8

The temperature of the nest will determine the sex of the turtles. Lower temperatures will lead to males, while higher temperatures will lead to females

Question 9

Sphenodon

Answer 9

Lineage of lepidosauria with Tuatara. Only 2 extant species found in New Zealand. Most diverse during the Mesozoic period

Question 10

Autotomy

Answer 10

When a lepidosaur can control where the tail is broken off. The tail grows back as cartilaginous rod rather than vertebrae

Question 11

Pseudautotomy

Answer 11

Cannot control where the tail is broken off, but weak points along the breakage planes allow the tail to break off with enough force

Question 12

Hemipenes

Answer 12

Paired copulatory organs that swell and come out of squamata. Only one is used during copulation

Question 13

Acrodont dentition

Answer 13

Teeth that are fused to the jaw line in Tuatara, where they sit on the jaw line and are never replaced. Arranged to make sheers (2 rows on top and 1 on the bottom)

Question 14

Gekkota

Answer 14

Group within squamata that have toepads that adhere to surfaces, large eyes, vocalize and have TSD

Question 15

Scincoidea

Answer 15

Skinks that are smooth, shiny, and have cycloid scales. They are extremely diverse and have limb reduction of loss

Question 16

Lacertoidea

Answer 16

Include Telidae and Amphisbaenia. Amphisbaenia are fossorial, moving forward and back. They can be legless or bipes, and have nippers

Question 17

Anguimorpha

Answer 17

Part of the Toxicofera, which are very venomous (possessing genes that produce toxic proteins), and have autonomous tails

Question 18

Iguania

Answer 18

Very diverse. Includes iguanas and spiny lizards. They inhabit diverse habitats and can squirt blood from their eyes that has a bad taste

Question 19

Serpentes

Answer 19

The most successful lineage without limbs. They have highly kinetic skulls, elongated bodies (pre-cloacal vertebrae), a reduced diameter and loss of/reduced limbs

Question 20

Squamosal

Answer 20

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

Question 21

Postorbital

Answer 21

Refers to behind the eye

Question 22

Temporal bar

Answer 22

Bone in lizards that becomes incorporated into the orbit

Question 23

Inertial feeding

Answer 23

Where lizards swallow their prey whole by tossing it back and down their throat