culture
artistic & intellectual product of an elite (high art, manners, literature)
culture is ORDINARY
- a whole new way of life, 2. the arts and learning
culture as a GEOGRAPHIC PROCESS
reverse-how culture shapes place and space.. how does place and space shape on another
cultural COUNTOURS ARE QUITE BROAD
high and low, black and white, masc and femme
NYC subculture
traditions, holy places, links to hip hop ctulure
dominant culture reaction
a spreading disease, visible sign a city is losing control
culture
body of beliefs, social forms, and material traits that create group of peoples distinct tradition-whole new way of life
*cultural hearths *LIST
geographic originals/source of innovation, ideas or ideologies
*cultural traits
single aspect of complex routine practices that constitute a particular cultural group
*cultural complex
combo of traits characteristic of a particular group
*cultural system
collection of interacting elements that’re taken together shape a groups identity
*cultural region
areas within a particular cultural system prevails
*cultural landscape
outcome of complex interactions between human group & natural environment
*cultural geography
how space, place and landscape shape culture at same time that culture shapes place, space and landscape
how/why do neighborhoods decline?
white flight, property values go down, taxes go up, services suffer, rock bottom
Why the 50s? (3 explanations)
- presence of creative individuals 2. composition of the audience (massive # of young ppl, link to baby boom), 3. transformation of culture industry (radio/tv broadcasting)
transformation of commercial culture industry
1.how do we/how is culture produced?, 2. what factors might shape the production of symbols?
3 points of academic consternation
- lack of good quality, comparable, 2. emphasis on the top end of hierarchy, 3. we need to identify places that lack connectivity
Why can’t these cities be represented like the bigger cities (like st. petersburg and moscow)
- poverty, 2. collapse, 3. risk aversion, 4. exclusion and resistance
shatterbelt
stuck between 2 cultural and political forces, constantly in conflict and aggression (middle east)
central place theory
comprises central places-ranging from small # of very large cities offering expensive/infrequently purchased goods, to large # of small cities offering everyday goods
central place
service center providing goods to a surrounding market area
assessment of central place theory
- doesnt take account of historical factors, 2. rational economic decisions rarely made, 3. mobility has increased (internet shopping)
characteristics of world cities
- has international exposure, 2. possess a diverse pop, 3. center of transportation
Louis Wirth
urbanism-a related set of economic & demographic trends producing rapid and dramatic changes in cities
urbanism
an interrelated set of social & psychological responses to these trends
*3 main attributes of urbanism (Wirth)
- size, 2. density, 3. social heterogenity
Wirth writes that urbanism is harmful to culture.. argues the city:
- weakens the bonds of kinship, 2. reduces the social significance of family, 3. leads to the disappearance of neighborhood
streets then:
- both intimate and intrusive, 2. shared but contested space, 3. symbolize public life
Haussmannization
created boulevards to help make city easier to move around in
Paris summation
- viewed roads as arteries, 2. help traffic flow, 3. boulevards create breathing spaces, 4. stimulate business acitivity
