Exam 3 Flashcards
(237 cards)
1
Q
Dwight EisenHower 1953-1961
A
nicknames ike, first commander of NATO, a career military officer elected president
2
Q
Koreas impact on Eisenhower
A
convinced Ike that the US had to find a cheaper way to contain communism
3
Q
Solution: Massive retaliation
A
rested deterrence, massive nuclear strikes sent to destroy the USSR, Soviets would not attack the US back
4
Q
Nuclear triad
A
B-52, titan intercontinental ballistic missile, and nuclear submarines. Fueled economic growth, massive increase in defense spending
5
Q
CIA
A
central intelligence agency, created after WW2, intended to provide the president with intelligence on the US enemies and allies, early directors wanted to strike at communist not just collect info so Ike allowed this
6
Q
Iran
A
major supplier of oil, beginning of 50’s oil was controlled by a British company
7
Q
Iran’s Mosaddeq
A
prime minister, nationalist, kicked the British out of oil, Ike was told that he was close to falling into communism so he sent CIA to over throw Mosaddeq’s government
8
Q
Guatemala’s president Guzman
A
a socialist who wanted to nationalize land owned by the United Fruit Company and give it to the poor, Ike was told Guzman was leading to communist soviets for help so he sent the CIA and they toppled Guzman and the government
9
Q
Hungary
A
occupied by the Russians during WW2, composed a communism government, soviets intervened and smashed the revolution US refused to intervene
10
Q
Suez Canal Crisis
A
built in egypt connecting the Mediterranean and the red sea, controlled by a british corporation
11
Q
Gamal Nassar
A
nationalized the canal, kicked the British out, eyptians now ran it
12
Q
Eisenhowers reaction to Suez canal crisis
A
He was furious that French and British intervened and almost brought soviets into the conflict, he threatened to cut off all US exports and forced them to back down from seizing the canal, this made him look like the good guy
13
Q
Sputnik
A
it was symbolic, demonstrated that the soviets had technological advances over the US especially in missile capacity, made Eisenhower look weak
14
Q
What was the first artificial satellite put into space
A
Sputnik, launched in 1957
15
Q
U-2 Spy Plane
A
flew at super sonic speed, over flew the soviet union taking photos of soviet defense installations, Soviets knew about the planes could see them flying so they tried to shoot one down and succeeded
16
Q
What was Biggest secret US had at this time
A
U-2 Spy Plane
17
Q
End of Eisenhowers presidency
A
He lied told people that the missing pilot just flew off course, the soviets had the pilot alive and the US public found out about this and eisenhower had been caught in a lie, thus ending his presidency
18
Q
John F. Kennedy
A
Youngest president elected, served in WW2, won president during the closet election ever in American History, his pain, and disease medications made him look tan
19
Q
What was John F. Kennedy famous for?
A
His soaring Rhetoric
20
Q
why was Kennedy elected president in 1960?
A
He was elected after condemning Eisenhower for allowing a missile gap to occur. As he became president he realized there was a missile gap and it favored US
21
Q
Kennedy’s flexible response to the missile gap
A
build up of conventional military forces, allow the US to react to any communist threat anywhere in the world, fight a non-nuclear war
22
Q
The Cuban Revolution
A
50’s ruled by pro-US dictator then Fidel Castro came and took over
23
Q
Fidel Castro
A
Hated US, he aligned with US biggest enemy soviets, and adopted communism
24
Q
Eisenhower wanted Castro to go
A
CIA came up with a plan to train the exiles of cuba and land them in southern Cuba, the bay of pigs
25
Kennedy gave CIA a go to land in the bay of pigs
he wanted to show he was aggressive towards communist
26
Spring 1951
the operation was a disaster, they were quickly contained by Castors soldiers, this failure threatened Kennedy's presidency
27
CIA released operation mongoose
1 million$ program, designed to over throw or assassinate Castro, Castro knew that kennedy was trying to kill him
28
Three plans they tried for operation mongoose
convince his mistress to shoot him, give him an exploding cigar, Also tried to give him a poison wet suit but his body guard wore it and died
29
The Berlin Wall
USSR and US fought for over Berlin, USSR demanded a resolution to the Berlin problem
30
Soviets Built a wall
no one could flee to east germany. Publicly Kennedy condemned it, Privately Kennedy accepted it that it solved the problem
31
Cuban Missile crisis
Cuba welcomed soviets to protect them from US, soviets began to secretly make nuclear missile launch sites
32
JFK's response to missiles
- military wanted to bomb the missiles he said no because he was worried of a gun nuclear fight
- he wanted to place a blockade on Cuba to prevent any ships from reaching the island and force soviets to surrender
- if any missiles were launched near the US then the US would strike and ruin the soviets with a nuclear attack
33
Kennedy and soviets sent secret plans to each other
soviets agreed to withdraw their missiles off of Cuba, US agreed to not invade Cuba and to withdraw their missiles off turkey and italy
34
Two results from the end of soviet us standoff
- soviets began a massive build up of nuclear weapons that brought them up to parody with the US
- Weakened western alliance the europens realized US was not gonna consult with them this led france to withdraw from NATO
35
MAD
mutually assured destruction, US adopted and made this, This was the US strategy for the rest of the cold war
36
Ho Chi Minh
communist, hated the french, his goal was nationalism, and expulsion of the french
37
Dien Bien Phu
disasterr for the french, troops surrounded forced to surrender, broke france's will to continue the war
38
The Geneva Conference
held to decide south east Asia's future, US refused to sign it
39
Who attended the Geneva Conference?
China, Soviet Union, France, US and Vietnam
40
What 3 things were agreed on at the Geneva conference?
first Indochina was split into three countries, Second Vietnam was split into two for a temporary cause, Third once the french left elections would be held so Vietnam could be united
41
Domino Theory
countries portrayed as row of dominos, if one country in area became communist it would cause all the countries to be come communist
42
Ngo Dinh Diem
never worked with French, collaborated with Japanese, he was rich and wealthy, authoritarian, corrupt, inefficient, saw no reason to make major reform
43
JFK increases US support
he vastly increased US aid civilian and military in Vietna
44
What did Diem do to the priests?
he made them pour gasoline on themselves and catch them on fire
45
Coup for Diem
wanted to remove Diem, South Vietnamese army moved, Diem was arrested and then with his brother assassinated
46
Lyndon Johnson
Kennedys vice president, inherited the Vietnam mess, had lots of energy became president when Kennedy was assassinated, he pledged to carry out all of Kennedy's goals
47
Gulf of Tonkin
two war ships claimed to be attacked by the north Vietnamese
48
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
authorized the president to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against US forces, and to prevent further aggression in Vietnam
49
South vietnam was reaching a crisis point
south vietnam government was a mess, terrorist violence was escalating, south vietnam on the brink of collapsing
50
Gradual Escalation
gradually increased US forces and attacks in Vietnam, To force north Vietnam to back now
51
lyndon Johnsons reasons for making a commitment to South Vietnam
- every president since FDR had made a commitment to Vietnam so he felt like he need to also
- containment and the domino theory
- Lesson of Munich
- Protect his domestic programs; the great society
- the US could do the job
- IF the US escalated slowly and did not demand too much of the people or the economy then the public would support the policy
52
1968 Tet Offensive
north vietnamese launched a massive offensive catching US by surprise, US counterattacked causing terrible casualties, after Tet americans wanted pull out of Vietnam
53
End of Johnson's presidency
Tet ended his presidency, he wanted to run again but in a national broadcast he said he will not seek re-election
54
Richard Nixon
won a republican victory, ferocious anti-communist, eisenhower never fully trusted him, but nixon built up trusts and IOU's so he won the election in 1968
55
Two reasons the US had entered a period of relative decline
- the rest of the world had recovered from WW2, US suffered
| - Vietnam seriously crippled the economy
56
What did Nixon want?
- end US involvement in Vietnam
- system working with the communism to provide order
- conserve democracy in the world
57
Nixon Vietnamization
US forces would be slowly withdrawn, replaced the with well supplied and trained vietnamese forces, negotiate with north vietnam to withdraw from south vietnam
58
Cambodia and Laos
US invaded Cambodia then a year later Laos, seeking to cut supply lines, most south vietnamese
ran left their comrades to be slaughtered and this was a complete defeat
59
Nixon goes to China
nixon and china engaged in secret talks he wanted to make an alliance with the chinese, this was a shocking moment and dramatic turn point
60
Several agreements Nixon and China made
opening trade, formed an alliance against the soviet union, no one can dominant the asian pacific region
61
Detente
a lessening of tensions, the goal was to work with the USSR on economic arms issues and various problems around the world to ensure world stability
62
signed SALT 1
strategic arms limitation talks, this limited the number of ICBM (missiles) that each side could have, first nuclear arms control theory, to slow down the nuclear arms race
63
ABM treaty
anti-ballistic missile treaty, both sides agreed to limit themselves to two systems
64
The end in Vietnam
US removed remaining troops and the communists withdrew from laos and cambodia, all US prisoners were returned, both sides recognize south vietnams right to self determination
65
South Vietnam, North Vietnam end of war
fighting continued, south vietnam held off its communist side, south vietnam was conquered by the north, over two million vietnamese were killed in the war
66
Greatest american fear
return of the depression
67
GI Bill
designed to aid veterans as they came back to civilian life, gave veterans priority in hiring, paid full tuition bills, plus an allowance to live on
68
Four reasons why the depression did not occur but an economic boom did
- government programs like the GI Bill helped to put money in the hands of consumers
- huge war time profits and small tax cut allowed to invest in new factories and machinery
- US dominant position in the US economy
- most important reason was americans emerged from the war with 140 billion$ in savings accounts and government bonds, they had a desire to spend money on consumer goods
69
Inflation
prices of food went up faster than wages, fueled a series of strikes
70
industry could not meet demand of consumers
6 million people wanted a car, car dealerships only made 3 million so prices of the cars went up
71
Taft-Hartley Act
aimed unions, decreasing passed over Truman's veto, southern democrats voted with republicans, didn't like how unions were trying to organize black workers
72
Dixicrats
southern white democrats were upset about the civil rights of blacks so they left and formed Dixiecrats, nominated Strom Thurmond as president
73
Interstate Highway Act
largest most expensive public works program in American history allowed troops to move quickly across country and evacuate cities
74
Sputnik
meant the soviets were far ahead of americans techonology, worried soviets put platforms in orbit and would drop bombs
75
Flopnik
Ike tried to put a rocket into orbit but it only went up 6 feet then exploded
76
National Defense Education Act
designed to improve US science education, provided loans to college students, funds for teacher training, developed new instructional materials for science and math
77
NASA
civilian agency that would run the US space program, to develop missile technology and space craft and put them into orbit
78
Mercury Seven
First astronauts, all white men, military test pilots
79
Two reasons they chose military test pilots for mercury seven
1. all had security clearance
| 2. all had experience flying dangerous experimental aircraft
80
Farewell Address
best farewell address since George Washington, the needs of the cold war tied in with the US and military spending, threatened military and democracy
81
The second red scare
cold war led to the second wave of anti-communist hysteria, much larger than the first one
82
Witch Hunts
attacked anyone that seemed disloyal, even if you were completely Innocent
83
loyalty program
initiated by Truman, it screened federal government employees for disloyalty, loyalty led to dismissals of 2,000 employees
84
HUAC
house unamerican activities committee, primarily a anti-new deal program, it was supposed to investigate unamerican activities
85
The Hollywood Ten
screen writers, directors, producers had to justify in front of congress about their communist activities, all arrested sent waves through hollywood
86
Black List
executives gather together, names were passed and put on a list of who was not allowed to work in Hollywood, many careeres over because they would not hire communist, and subversives
87
First was Alger Hiss
accused by chambers for being communist, and a spy for USSR but he denied the accusations said he didnt know Chambers. Nixon imprisoned him for lying and said he does know chambers
88
The rosebergs
Julius Rosenberg worked on manhattan project; development of atomic bomb, a guy arrested said Julius and Ethel rosenberg were his partners so they were convicted and executed later evidence found Julius was guilty but Ethel had been innocent
89
Senator Joseph McCarthy
he had disregard for the truth, ignored evidence, exaggerated minor details, lied outright, master of smear tactics to destroy is opponents
90
3 reasons for sustained economic growth (1945-1973)
government spending, defense related spending, boom was expensive by energy
91
Automobile industry
fewer safety features; no seat belts, no air bags
92
General Motors
largest corporation in the world, sold 50% of cars in the US
93
Car Society
built the needs of consumers: malls, drive in movies, drive thru food
94
New technology; the computer
first developed in WW2 for Germans to code this was kept a secret
95
First public computer
IBM mark 1
96
Key development in technology after the war
the transistor, ended the reliance on radio tubes, and affordable
97
Demography
the study o of human population
98
3 examples of change in demography
move to the suburbs, growth of the sunbelt, (The Greatest Change) the baby boom
99
Move to the suburbs
suburbs boomed, housing was affordable, government programs allowed mortgages to be cheaper without down payment
100
Levitt town
private communities, no fences, lawn mown once a week and laundry not done on weekend
101
Blacks excluded from suburbs
government split it up into zones, blacks could not obtain insurance and weren't eligible for help they were denied
102
Growth of Sunbelt
california became nations most popular state, americans started moving west leaving easy and midwest
103
Baby boom
massive increase of babies born, post war period many people had as many children as they could, had to build new universities, schools, and community colleges for the baby boomers as they grew up
104
Post war most popular book
Baby and Childcare
105
Women
encouraged to stay home, give up jobs, look over children and husband, study cooking, typing and etiquette
106
Cult of Domesticity
glorification of mother hood
107
Betty Friedan's book
| "the feminine mystique"
believed the women needed to pursue their own careers and establish goals, huge impact on well educated middle and upper class women
108
Rock N roll
most popular music
109
Most popular rock n roll performer
Elvis Presley, popular for his greaser look, pelvis thrusts and his music
110
Teens
didnt have to work, got alot of spending money from their parents
111
Fear of nuclear attack hung over society
schools held drills for possible USSR attacks, Federal government printed pamphlets on how to survive an attack, advised you built a bomb shelter
112
Television
King of post war entertainment, toy for the wealthy, americans spent more hours watching tv then working for pay
113
Milton Berle
first great star of TV, nickname "Mr television", his show was Texaco star theater
114
Texaco Star Theater
featured comedian and musical acts
115
Detroit investigation
everyone would watch Texaco show then after all go to bathroom at the same time
116
Lucille Ball
always been in movies, in 50's started TV show I Love Lucy, biggest TV show most innovated, they developed the sitcom, taped in front of live audience
117
Kennedy/Nixon presidential debates
they were televised, kennedy knew nixon sweat easily so he secretly turned up the heat so he would sweat during the debate, those who watched the debate though kennedy should win, those who listened on radio thought nixon should win. Kennedy won by a little
118
Television impacted the politics
how you look and sound over TV is more important than you intelligence, experience or position
119
NFL
founded in 1920, minor sport for 4 decades, became televised in 50's got huge ratings, large audience, then by 60's games were broadcasted live on sundays
120
AFL
grow and compete with NFL, battled for players, then two leagues merged together, championship game at end of season was called NFL/AFL but changed to superbowl
121
Sports
NBA appeared but baseball still most popular sport until 1960's football was most popular sport
122
Movies
studios were losing money, declining audiences and profits led to collapse of studio system
123
Two reasons for collapse of studio system
1. TV offered free entertainment in living room
| 2. Court Case, declared the studios to be illegal monopolies, forced to sell of their movie theaters
124
End of movie theaters
sell off expensive actors,directors,makeup and hair stuff, Universal was smart turned their movie theater into a theme park
125
Taboo subjects and end of censorship
shows began to say profanity, more violence, even showed panties, use of word virgin
126
Rating system
rated X was adult theme topics most movies wanted to avoid
127
John Wayne
Defender of Freedom, seventh cavalry films, wayne was the cool model for americans living with danger, embodied americans cold war role in the world
128
Kennedy promised the new frontier
inspired many amongst the young, did not accomplish much, congress blocked most his proposals especially on civil rights
129
The space program
integral part of cold war, soviets beat US by putting first man to orbit the earth, few weeks later US put a man into space but he only went straight up and down kennedy wanted to land a man on the moon
130
Kennedy wanted support for man on moon mission
visited south states like texas while there he was assassinated by Oswald, later Oswald shot in back so kennedys wife wouldnt have to go through a trial
131
The Great society
Lyndon Johnson sought to use the prosperity of the times to create a great society
132
Civil rights legislation
Equality for any skin color
133
Medicare and medicaid
two major groups left out of medicare health insurance; elderly and poor, medicaid was for the poor
134
Food stamps
key component against the struggle of poverty, aimed at young americans so children had proper nutrition growing up
135
economic opportunity act
created various programs to train young people in marketable skills provide preschool for children from poor families, underfunded
136
Water quality act 1965
designed to control water pollution, federal government to fix national standards that states had to meet
137
Immigration act 1965
abolished the quota system, allowed 20,000 immigrants from every country, gave preference to those with familiy ties in US, immigration accounted for 60% of US population growth
138
Three reasons why civil rights occurred
rising black expectation, growing black political power in the north and west coast, cold war
139
A. Philip randolph
president of the brother hood of sleeping car porters, largest black community in the country, called for a march of 100,000 blacks in washington DC to protest discrimination in defense industries
140
Roosevelt presented an executive order 8802 for this march
prohibited discrimination, opened up more industries to blacks, result in the employment of 2 million blacks in defense industries
141
US remained segregated
black served in all black units usually with white officers
142
First major and very public desegregation
occurred in baseball, banned blacks since the 1890's
143
Branch Rickey
co-owner and manager of Brooklyn dodgers believed integration would be good for america he wanted a player that would take all the abuse and not fight back
144
Jackie Robinson
went to UCLA, accepted Rickey's terms, threats were targeted at him, pitcher deliberatly threw at him, named rookie of the year
145
South after WW2
white mobs killed black voters, jury acquitted them
146
Truman and Civil Rights
basic streak of fairness, believed everyone had equal chance to succeed in life, able to take just one action against civil rights
147
Brown V. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas
browns decision was an unanimous one, court ruled schools should desegregate with all deliberate speed, white southerners resisted the ruling of desegregation
148
Lawyer Thurgood Marshall
known as mr,civil rights, strategy to slowly attack JIm Crow, won a series of decisions that declared segregation of public transportation
149
Massive Resistance
sought to trought compliance with decision and law, denied aid that tried to desegregate
150
White citizens council
dedicated to blocking desegregation in schools and other civil rights
151
KKK
grew and became more active, terrorist bombings
152
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus at Central High School
ordered little rocks highschool admit 9 black students, eisenhower was furious on how they were treated, had them escorted home and closed the school for two years and when they opened back up only 3 blacks went to school
153
Passed civil rights act of 1957
created commission of civil rights, investigate race relations, no power to enforce its conclusions, first civil rights law since reconstruction 90 years before, it signaled the federal governments rule in protecting civil rights was changing
154
Bus segregation
3/4 bus passengers were black, paid for the fee in the front then exited walk to enterance in the back to sit, they had to give up their seats to whites
155
Rosa Parks
seamstress, secretary of the NAACP, refused to give up her seat and began to protest, arrested for this crime and placed in jail
156
Black community decided to boycott the buses
whole city participated, standoff lasted over a year, supreme court outlawed segregation in public transportation
157
Martin Luther King Jr.
leaders of boycott, elegant man, PhD from Harvard, preached a philosophy of non-violence, argued that blacks had to take whatever punishment was inflicted on them by whites to show non-violence resistance
158
sit ins
4 black students in North carolina asked for coffee and donuts told they could not be there, the strategy is to sit down and not leave until they are served or until store closes, many people soon started being arrested
159
protestors often met with violence
pelted them with rocks, split food on them, burned by cigarettes
160
Freedom riders
white thugs burnt their bus and beat them with baseball bats, when taken to hospital nurses and doctors refused to treat them, local police refused to intervene
161
University of Mississippi, James Meredith a black man
air force veteran, tried to join the university by court order, attacked by angry whites
162
University of Alabama
court order, that they have to allow 2 black students, governor wallace said no he wanted segregation forever
163
birimingham
king organized sit ins in birmingham alabama,
164
department stores were segregated
black employees only given medial jobs
165
Eugene "Bull" Connor
used violence to smash black, looked at them with hate, old fashioned segregationist
166
compromise
stores of birimingham would desegregate, demonstrations would end, status of black workers would be upgraded
167
bombs and rioting
involved white terrorist, sent to King's brothers house, a bill was sent to congress
168
March on Washington focused on two things
- first passage of the civil rights act, ending jim crow segregation,
- economic justice improvement in black economic position
169
Lyndon Johnson
master legislature, president after Kennedy's death, he argued that Kennedy should not die in vain and that they should pass civil rights act in his memory, the act passed the house of representatives then it went to the senate and months later it passed the senate and was signed by Johnson
170
congress would not vote on deal of giving women better treatment
people didnt think about the gender side of things, women celebrated when gender equality was finally passed, women could apply to "men" type jobs
171
CORE and SNCC organized freedom summer
major campaign to register black voters in Mississippi, received hostile and violent reception from police and KKK,terrorist burned or bombed black homes,buisnesses and churches
172
Selma Alabama
King and his group protested in the city from Selma to the state capital, police attacked bystanders this was captured on TV, Johnson was appalled and called for a passage of voting rights act
173
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Banned of use of test or device to deny the vote, led to great expansion of black voting
174
Two principle reasons for the end of civil rights movement
long hot summers, White Backlash
175
Long hot summers
began in Watts LA largest black district, more rioting, rioting
176
White Backlash
made up of whites that resisted the civil rights movement, rising crime rates would reinforce the harshness of the black male
177
leader of the violent civil rights groups Malcolm X
US corrupted racism, called King a 20th century uncle Tom, argued blacks should have guns to protect themselves from whites
178
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Banned of use of test or device to deny the vote, led to great expansion of black voting
179
Two principle reasons for the end of civil rights movement
long hot summers, White Backlash
180
Long hot summers
began in Watts LA largest black district, more rioting, rioting, rioiting occurred because blacks were frustrated with racism from north
181
White Backlash
made up of whites that resisted the civil rights movement, rising crime rates would reinforce the harshness of the black male
182
leader of the violent civil rights groups Malcolm X
US corrupted racism, called King a 20th century uncle Tom, argued blacks should have guns to protect themsleves from whites
183
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
1968 assassinated by a white man, his death striked rioting, serves as the post war African American civil rights movement
184
Huge wave of college students arrives on campus
first baby boomers enter college, colleges weren't prepared for them, California built 49 new colleges
185
In Loco Parentis
College became your parent, dorms segregated by sex, visitation restricted, doors had to be kept open, girls could not kiss their dates while leaning against a building
186
doves
part of the anti-war movement, against the war
187
Three reasons why anti-war movement was growing
many believed the war to be morally wrong, too costly, and the military draft
188
US ended deferments for college
you had to be in good standing in college to get a deferment, if you failed a test you would be drafted to Vietnam for war
189
March on the pentagon
event stunned the public, movement was growing larger, country was now dividing into hawks and doves
190
Hawks
supported the war in vietnam, outraged anti-war movement
191
doves
part of the anti-war movement, against the war
192
Robert Kennedy
youthful, legitimate heir to be president, spoke about the poor, assassinated a month after MLK was
193
Anti-war activists vs. the police
police charged the activist and beat them, attacked not only the radicals but reporters, peaceful demonstrators, bystanders, ruined the democratic parties reputation because it was all caught on TV
194
Silent Majority
people who spend the 60's avoiding painful issues, hated war but hated protestors even more
195
George Wallace
former governor of Alabama, democrat that ran independently, took his message north found a lot of support from middle class whties
196
Richard Nixon
moderate conservative, portrayed himself as a mature leader who stood for law and order, had a huge lead going into the last month of the campaign
197
Moratorium
largest anti-war protest, billions participated by wearing black armbands to church and boycotting classes
198
Apollo program
using Saturn 5 rocket, disaster cockpit caught on fire because too much oxygen and mistakes in designing, continued with earth orbit missions
199
Apollo 8
supposed to be another earth orbit mission but changed from earth orbit to lunar orbit, it launched and successful orbited the moon, first humans to leave earth orbit
200
Apollo 11
commanded by Neil Armstrong, mission was to land on moon not just orbit, he successfully landed, spent hours collecting moon rocks
201
End of Apollo
it accomplished its goal, too many people were bored with going to the moon, it was also very expensive so it came to an end
202
Moratorium
largest anti-war protest
203
Invasion of Cambodia
Nixon was expanding the war not trying to end it
204
Dog Whistles
statements that sounded neutral but were against blacks
205
Nixon's enemy list
civil rights groups, activists, newspapers that were liberal, democratic politicians
206
new Federalism
giving control to these programs to the state, federal government would provide the revenue, states would run the great society programs
207
The Plumbers
group formed to prevent further leaks, hired thugs to attack anti-war demonstrators
208
The southern strategy and silent majority
deliberate attempt to court southern whites, upset by the racial equality, nixon wanted them to vote republicans
209
Dog Whistles
statements that sounded neutral but were against blacks
210
Nixon's enemy list
civil rights groups, activists, newspapers that were liberal, democratic politicians
211
Pentagon papers published 1971
top secret, daniel ellsberg compiled the papers stole a copy and gave to many newspapers, nixon was so angry that this leak occured and thought the public would lose trust in the government
212
George McGovern
democrat running against Nixon, senates leading dove, varied to the left of the political spectrum, promised to slash spending by 20%
213
McGovern dumped Eagleton
planted wire taps in documents, break in went as planned, second time break in they were caught and arrested
214
feminism
belief that women are abared from are equally treated or poorly served by the male dominated areana
215
NOW (national organization for women)
founded by Betty Friedan, had 3 goals; equality for women in employment and education, childcare centers throughout the nation, womens control over reproduction
216
Secret taping system
house of representatives sued to obtain the tapes, supreme court ordered Nixon to hand them over, they contained proof of nixons lies and crimes for 2 years
217
Nixon resigns
he was to be impeached, and removed from office, nixon wanted to fight it out, 25 members of nixons administration went to prison
218
NOW (national organization for women)
founded by Betty Friedan, had 3 goals; equality for women in employment and education, childcare centers throughout the nation, womens control over reproduction
219
Results of NOW education/politics
large rise of women going to college, had seats in congress and state executive/ legistlative offices
220
Results of NOW Title IX
banned sexual discrimination of all acts of education; admissions, athletics, and faculty hiring
221
Results of NOW laws against rape and sex discrimination
passage of state and local level also at the federal protecting rape and sexual abuse victims, outlawing women of discrimination
222
Silent Spring (book)
written by Rachel Carson, biologist who described the harmful effects of toxic chemicals on environment food supply, showed how pesticides killed insects and small animals
223
ERA
equal rights amendment written by Alice Paul
224
Phyliss Schlafly
led campaign to stop the ERA, dislike of big government, rear that would lead to a traditional breakdown of gender roles
225
Results of Silent Spring book
laws were passed to clean up air and water, pesticides like DTD were banned, protect endangered species
226
Key reason for lose of political power
troubled economics in the 70's
227
Stagflation
devastating combo of inflation and unemployment at the same time
228
5 causes of stagflation
- high cost of Vietnam war
- MOST important growing demand for natural resources especially oil
- rising fuel cost, revived economics of Japan and west Germany
- Deindustrialization
229
Gerald Ford
replaced nixon, very little political power or influence, accomplished very little, first president not elected
230
Jimmy Carter
single term as governor of Georgia, first president born in the hospital, only one to file a UFO report, attacked by a rabbit
231
Carter reflected two new trends in American politics
- born again christian
| - more conservative than previous presidents
232
Carter Presidency hurt by Energy issue
tried to get an energy bill passed, reduce US dependence on foreign oil
233
Iran Hostage Crisis
hostile to the US, Iranian students stormed the US embassy in Taiwan and held 50 Americans hostage
234
Ronald Reagan
governor of California, everyone rallied around him, former movie star, had all the advantages as long as he didnt make a mistake
235
1980 election
Carter won battle against Kennedy, but republicans crushed carter and Reagan won
236
Ronald Reagan
governor of California, everyone rallied around him, former movie star
237
Reagan represented a new political force coservatism
- hostile to the activist government the US had since the new deal
- stressed traditional values; protestant mortality
