Exam 3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is an analog code?
A representation that closely resembles the physical object
What is a propositional code?
An abstract, language-like representation (storage neither visual nor spatial), and it does not physically resemble the original stimulus
According to the __ approach, mental imagery is a close relative of perception, and the __ approach, mental imagery is a close relative of language
Analog-code; propositional-code
__ are all the cues that might convey the experimenter’s hypothesis to the participant
Demand characteristics i.e. experimenter expectancy is one kind of demand characteristic
__ is the only cognitive skill where a group of males is likely to earn higher scores than a group of females (gender differences)
Mental rotation
__ describes the sound quality of a tone i.e. happy birthday played on a flute, contrasted with the same song played on a trumpet
Timbre
A __ is a mental representation of geographic information, including the environment that surrounds us
Cognitive map
__ primarily refers to three cognitive activities 1) our thoughts about cognitive maps 2) how we remember the world we navigate and 3) how we keep track of objects in a spatial array
Spatial cognition
A __ is a general problem-solving strategy that usually produces a correct solution. People often use these in making judgments about cognitive maps
Heuristic
__ is when people estimate that the distance between two specific locations is larger if they are on DIFFERENT sides of a geographic border, compared to locations on the same side of that border
Border bias
__ is the general tendency to provide shorter estimates when traveling to a landmark - an important geographical location - rather than a non-landmark
Landmark effect
What is the kind of heuristic where we remember a tilted geographic structure as being either more vertical or horizontal than it really is?
Rotation heuristic
The __ emphasizes that the above-below spatial dimension is especially important in our thinking, the front-back dimension is moderately important, and the right-left dimension is least important
Spatial framework model
According to the __, we make use of helpful information in the immediate environment or situation. Our knowledge depends on the context that surrounds us. As a result, what we know depends on the situation that we are in
Situated cognition approach
A __ is a set of objects that belong together, and __ refers to your mental representations of it
Category; concept
A __ is the item that is the best, most typical example of a category; it is the ideal representative
Prototype
The __ is when you decide whether a particular item belongs to a category by comparing this item with a prototype
Prototype approach
__ is the DEGREE to which members of a category are representative of their category
Prototypicality
A __ begins with the most representative or prototypical members, and it continues on through the category’s nonprototypical members
Graded structure
The __ occurs when people judge typical items (prototypes) faster than items that are not typical (non-prototypes)
Typicality effect
The __ means that people respond faster to an item if it was preceded by an item with similar meaning
Semantic priming effect
__ means that no single attribute is shared by all examples of a concept
Family resemblance
__ categories are higher-level and more general categories i.e. furniture, animal, tool
Superordinate-level
__ categories are moderately specific i.e. chair, dog, screwdriver
Basic-level
