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Human Nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Low birth weight baby

A

Baby weighing less than 5.5lbs

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2
Q

Iron

A

Leading nutrient deficiency worldwide
Caused by poor intake of iron rich foods, blood loss (menstruating), high needs (like a pregnant woman)
Symptoms: fatigue, pale
RBCs are smaller (microcytic) and paler than usual and there aren’t as many of them
Toxic in high amounts

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3
Q

Heme Iron

A

Efficiently Absorbed

Food sources: meat, fish, poultry

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4
Q

Non-heme Iron

A

Not efficiently absorbed

Food sources: tofu, whole grains, dried fruit, beans

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5
Q

Folate

A

Important in first weeks of pregnancy-neural tube development
Spina Bifida
Food sources: enriched grains (white rice, pasta, bread), fruit, beans
Can also effect RBCs-causes big immature RBCs (B12 has same effect on RBCs) called macrocytic

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6
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Deficiency: Macrocytic anemia-big immature RBCs (like folate)
Stomach makes intrinsic factor which helps with B12 absorption in the ileum
Works with folate to help large immature RBCs to split into 2 regular sized RBCs
Groups at risk: Pernicious anemia=lack of a intrinsic factor (need B12 injections), elderly=lack of stomach acid/intrinsic factor, vegans, people with ileum problems
Dietary sources: animal meat, cereal

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7
Q

Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting
Bacteria makes some in LI, also gotten from food
Fat soluble
Deficiency: blood doesn’t clot
Dietary sources: Green vegetables, milk, liver

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8
Q

Water

A

Most essential nutrient
Body’s cooling system (perspiration)
Movement of electrolytes allows water to flow
Kidneys help with fluid balance

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9
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Charged molecules (Na+) pull water into and out of cells

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10
Q

Sodium

A

Electrolyte
Functions: movement of water
Food sources: fast food, processed food
Deficiency caused by excessive losses such as vomiting or excessive sweating

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11
Q

Potassium

A

Deficiency: muscle weakness, changes in heart rate

Food source: fresh fruit (banana) and veges

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12
Q

Hypertension

A 
High Blood Pressure
Risk factors:
Treatment: weight loss, exercise, DASH diet
D=Dietary
A=Approach to
S=Stop
H=Hypertension
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13
Q

Weight status in fetus

A

<5.5lbs=underweight

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14
Q

Substances to avoid when pregnant

A

Alcohol
Drugs
Foodborn illness

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15
Q

Potential problems during pregnancy

A

Gestational diabetes

Pregnancy induced hypertension

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16
Q

Colostrum

A

First breastmilk
Rich in antibodies and beta-carotene
Yellowish and thick
Antibodies promote growth of good bacteria in baby’s GI tract b/c baby’s are born with sterile GI tract

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17
Q

Composition of breastmilk

A

High in fat (50% of calories in breastmilk come from fat)

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18
Q

Normal weight growth

A

Infants double weight in first 6 months and triple weight in first year

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19
Q

Food preference development

A

Offer child a lot of nutritious foods

May need to see a new food 8 times before they’ll try it=repeated exposure

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20
Q

Hyperactivity in kids

A

Caused by caffeine in candy/beverages NOT the sugar

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21
Q

Body composition changes in puberty

Study These Flashcards
A

Females put on more fat

Males put on more muscle

22
Q

Obesity in adolescence-how treatment is different than in adults

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A

May not want them to lose weight-maintain weight instead so as they grow they’re BMI normalizes
Avoid restrictive diets

23
Q

Why are elderly at risk for diminished food intake

Study These Flashcards
A

Depression
Medications affecting appetite
Hard to cook-can’t carry a heavy pot

24
Q

Why are elderly at risk for dehydration

Study These Flashcards
A

Don’t have a strong thirst sensation

Kidneys have aged and don’t work as well

25
Food assistance programs
SNAP program-food stamps (debit card) | Meals on wheels delivers meals to house
26
What is considered a drink
12oz beer | 5oz wine
27
Positives and negatives of alcohol
``` Alcohol doesn't have to be digested. It gets absorbed and goes to liver to get metabolized Vitamin B1 is almost always deficient in alcoholics Negatives: Provide a lot of calories (7cal/g) Fatty liver can develop into cirrhosis Fetal alcohol syndrome Positives: Improve appetite in elderly ```
28
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Distinctive facial characteristics | Mental retardation
29
Anorexia
Diagnosis criteria: intensive fear of gaining weight, refusal to maintain normal weight, excessive exercise and not eating a lot Complications: Malnutrition related Treatment: Important psychological component
30
Bulemia
Diagnosis criteria: Binging and purging They are normal body weight May abuse laxatives and diuretics and over exercise Complications: Purging related Treatment: Important psychological component
31
Binge eating
Diagnosis criteria: Compulsive over eating, most common eating disorder Complications: Obesity/weight gain related Treatment: Important psychological component
32
Benefits of activity
Increase HDL (good cholesterol) Lowers blood pressure Lower risk of heart disease Increase bone density (weight bearing exercise) Decreases risk of obesity Decreases risk of certain types of cancer
33
Water vs Sports drink
Over an hour of workout=sports drink | Under an hour of workout=water
34
Negatives of anabolic steroids and growth hormone
Both cause increase in muscle size Liver damage Cardiovascular events Cancer risk
35
What to eat before working out
Meal rich in carbs | Low in fiber and fat
36
Fuel sources in exercise
A few seconds worth of energy from ATP and phosphocreatine Hour walk=mostly carbs, some fat Protein is used to repair muscle tissue (only a little is used for fuel)
37
Food insecurity
Correlated to obesity-fast food is cheaper | People living in poverty and the homeless
38
WIC
Women, infants and children up to age 5 Provides formula to infants Coupons for specific foods-rich in nutrients they need
39
School lunch/breakfast program
Free lunch/breakfast for kids | Depends on family income
40
Congregate meals
Free noon meals at community center or church Allows elderly to get out of the house and eat with other people Elderly tend to eat more when they're with others
41
Zinc
Dietary source: foods high in protein Excess will decrease copper absorption Immune system Groups at risk: people taking too much iron, copper, fiber
42
Copper
Iron metabolism Deficiency: anemia-microcytic like iron deficiency Groups at risk: people taking too much zinc Dietary sources: beans, seeds, nuts
43
Intrinsic factor
Made in stomach | Hooks up to B12 and helps absorption
44
How much should a normal weight woman gain when pregnant
25-35lbs
45
Advantages of breast-feeding
Nutritional quality Protection from infections and allergies Mother-infant bonding Convenience and low cost
46
Infant formula
Has nutrients baby needs to grow | Cow milk is not appropriate in the first year of life b/c it does not have all the needed nutrients
47
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning
Cold and clammy skin Bluish tint to skin Irregular breathing Loss of consciousness
48
Binge drinking
5 or more drinks for men and 4 or more for women on one occasion Can cause alcohol poisoning
49
Life expectancy vs Lifespan
Life expectancy=maximum number of years of human life (has stayed about the same-116 yrs old) Lifespan=average time a person can expect to live (has increased over time)
50
Cirrhosis
Damage to liver cells-from alcohol and filling with fat Ammonia increases in blood-can't get rid of the nitrogen if liver doesn't work properly Can also be caused by obesity
51
Fatty liver
Excess alcohol is converted to fat and stored in liver
52
Female Athlete Triad
Female athletes who train strenuously 1) Amenorrhea 2) Disordered eating behaviors 3) Osteoporosis (stress fractures)

Human Nutrition (2 decks)

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