exam 3

Question 1

The process of frequent small changes in public policy is known as

Answer 1

incrementalism.

Question 2

T/F Changes in the rules and regulations used to guide the implementation of a policy are modified policies.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

The role of the executive branch in policy modification is primarily

Answer 3

oversight and management of implementation.

Question 4

T/F Contemporary health polices are often amendments of previously enacted public laws.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

T/F Health policymaking in the United States primarily consists of the introduction of new policies, with relatively fewer instances of policy modification.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

T/F In the United States, most public policies are modifications of previously established policies, and most modifications result in substantial changes.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

T/F The Senate Appropriations Committee writes the legislation that allocates federal funds to the numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations on an annual basis.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Supporting research to improve the quality of health care, reduce its costs, and broaden access to services is the duty of the

Answer 8

Agency for Health Care Research and Quality.

Question 9

Oversight responsibilities in implementing environmental protection policies, and occupational health and safety laws, is usually handled by the

Answer 9

federal courts.

Question 10

T/F By law, policies related to the federal budget and the reduction of deficits may not modify other policies.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Retrospective evaluation to assess whether the objectives of a policy are being met and to what degree is known as

Answer 11

Ex-post Policy evaluation.

Question 12

Cost-effectiveness analysis determines

Answer 12

which of several policy alternatives will achieve the desired objectives in the least costly way.

Question 13

The principal limitation of policy demonstration projects is that they

Answer 13

cannot prove a causative link between the policy and desired outcome.

Question 14

In a cost-benefit analysis, the basic question is

Answer 14

are the benefits of a policy worth the costs of the policy.

Question 15

T/F Changes in the rules and regulations used to guide the implementation of a policy are modified policies.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Which type of comparison involves assessing the consequences of a policy as compared to situations in which the policy does not exist?

Answer 16

with-and-without

Question 17

Which type of comparison involves comparing conditions or situations before a policy is implemented?

Answer 17

before-and-after

Question 18

Which of the following is used mainly during agenda setting to help clarify problems and assess potential solutions to those problems?

Answer 18

Ex-ante Policy analysis

Question 19

Policies can NOT be modified at which of the following points in the policymaking process?

Answer 19

Policies can be modified at all of these points

Question 20

__________compares the goals of a policy with the real results obtained after implementation of the policy.

Answer 20

Actual-verses-planned performance comparison

Question 21

T/F In any work setting, competence means a cluster of related abilities, commitments, knowledge, and skills that enable a person or an organization to act effectively in a job or situation.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Which perspective of justice holds that everyone should have equal access to the benefits and burdens arising from the pursuit of health, and that fairness requires recognition of different levels of need?

Answer 22

Egalitarian perspective

Question 23

Which of these are reasons for health professionals to possess policy competence?

Answer 23

It can lead to higher incomes.
It can further their work in improving human health.
It can lead to more or less professional autonomy.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about policymaking is false?

Answer 24

Policymaking is continual and exclusively linear in its operation.

Question 25

Which ethical principles are defined as “seeking to do good” and “doing no harm”?

Answer 25

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Question 26

Policy should seek to minimize harm to society as a whole. This is an example of which ethical principle?

Answer 26

Nonmaleficence.

Question 27

T/F The single most important factor in policy competence is to understand the public policymaking process as a decision-making process.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F The utilitarian perspective of justice can be explained as policies that provide “the greatest good for the greatest number” of people.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Which type of social power is drawn from an individual or group’s relative position in the larger society?

Answer 29

Positional social power

Question 30

Campaign contributions and political support for a policymaker provided by an organization are examples of

Answer 30

reward-based

Question 31

Tracking an issue and using the information collected to predict future changes is known as

Answer 31

Trend extrapolation.

Question 32

T/F Rulemaking is the domain of executive branch employees and not a good place for health professionals to exert influence in the policymaking process.

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a useful forecasting technique for projecting the future direction of important public policy information?

Answer 33

Cost–benefit analysis

Question 34

Most health service provider interest groups favor legislation to

Answer 34

increase the demand for their services. increase revenues. limit competitors. lower operating costs.