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Police Problems > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

the removal of people from mental institutions

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2
Q

role of deinstitutionalization in policing

A

it was supposed to include the development of alternative facilities for treating the mentally ill, but instead the problem has been dumped on law enforcement

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3
Q

how do officers deal with the mentally ill (3 things)

A

transport the person to a mental hospital

make an arrest

informally solve the problem

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4
Q

crisis intervention team

A

a specialized police-based program intended to enhance officers’ interactions with individuals with mental illnesses and improve the safety of all parties involved in mental health crises

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5
Q

research on CITs

A

strong evidence that officers in CIT training have improved attitudes & knowledge relevant to interactions the mentally ill

weak evidence that CIT results in decreased arrest rates during calls for service involving the mentally ill

no evidence on long-term outcomes of mentally ill individuals coming into contact with CIT

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6
Q

way CITs overlap with tactics from other groups

A

prevents state created danger and emphasizes deescalation

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7
Q

SWAT/militarization

A

special weapons and tactics; the adoption of military weapons and tactics by police forces

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8
Q

2 events that led to the creation of SWAT

A

Watts Riots and Austin, UT Tower

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9
Q

types of SWAT teams

A

sometimes called police paramilitary units, departmental and multi-jurisdictional

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10
Q

recommended situations of SWAT teams

A

Barricaded subjects
Hostage rescue
Active shooters
Extreme situations

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11
Q

2 ways SWAT and military overlap

A

training of SWAT teams by the military

1033 program

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12
Q

no-knock warrants

A

the ability to break into a home to deliver a warrant and arrest at the same time

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13
Q

dynamic entry

A

the use of speed, surprise, and violence to increase the vulnerability of suspects when entering a building

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14
Q

1033 program

A

allows transfers of excess Department of Defense property (that would otherwise be destroyed) to law enforcement agencies

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15
Q

2 major consequences of SWAT overuse

A

individuals suspected of minor crimes are subject to the potential for extreme levels of force to be used

execution of no-knock warrants can be confusing and even seem like home invasions to suspects

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16
Q

police dangers that receive the most attention

A

Injuries and death due to gun

Premeditated ambush situations

Assault weapons

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17
Q

top two sources of stress for police

A

work/life balance

no support from senior management

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18
Q

four parts of organizational justice

A

procedural justice

distributive justice

interpersonal justice

informational justice

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19
Q

challenges & benefits of organizational justice

A

Generate solidarity

Reducing individuality can make it more likely all officers handle situations the same

but with current police culture this is unlikely

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20
Q

Ferguson Effect

A

negative publicity resulting from these high-profile shootings has led to a change in officer and citizen attitudes and may have an effect on the CJ system

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21
Q

arguments of Ferguson effect and crime

A

responsible for a slight increase in crime in some cities in 2015, but research is not solid.

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22
Q

Ferguson and less proactive policing

A

officers may be less likely to engage in the types of proactive policing in fear of going viral. may be true due to stop and frisk numbers falling

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23
Q

Ferguson and community partnerships

A

Public scrutiny of the police leads to officers feeling that the public does not trust them or want to partner with them

Officers no longer seek public partnerships to help with crime problems

research support this

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24
Q

Ferguson and less crime reporting

A

a lack of trust in the police and lower legitimacy

lack of legitimacy/lower trust leads to a decreased willingness to cooperate with the police by calling them to report a crime

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25
four goals of a good police department
professional accountable transparent self-monitoring
26
what a good use of force policy looks like
should provide clear and detailed guidance  When can force be used?  What else should be used?  What else should be considered?
27
what good bias free policing looks like
clear policy and training o More than just “don’t” o Explain what constitutes reasonable suspicion and how unconscious biases can impact our perceptions of suspicion
28
open complaint process
complaints should always be easy to make
29
two types of external oversight
broad or issue focused
30
how a department can be more transparent/self-monitoring
a department should make information regarding its policies and operations easily accessible to the public
31
afteraction report
review its policies and operations to ensure that policies still reflect best practices and misconduct is quickly identified
32
consent decree
the US Department of Justice can sue law enforcement agencies for “patterns or practices of police misconduct”
33
five steps of consent decrees
1. Investigation of Civil Rights Violations—presented in a summary of findings 2. Negotiations in court 3. Consent decree: agreement between DOJ and the police department over change to be instituted in the department 4. Monitoring: court-appointed officials ensure that the decree is being followed 5. Substantial Compliance: once an agency is found to be back in compliance, the CD is removed and the monitors leave
34
common topics consent decrees cover
Uses of force Search and arrest procedures Failure to adequately investigate misconduct Biased policing
35
why agencies who undergo CDs go on to become model agencies
monitoring by experts serves not only to ensure that the reforms are being addressed, but to assist in developing strategy for change
36
criticisms of consent decrees
DOJ is susceptible to political influences unsustainable after monitoring ends
37
collaborative reform
alternative to consent decrees where police departments acknowledge they have a problem and seek out help
38
implicit/explicit biases
biases formed by structure and unconscious rather than being open about it
39
what does bias training do
helps officers understand when policing is biased and how to not be biased
40
what does procedural training do
teach officers the principles of procedural justice and how to execute them
41
what deescalation training does
Frequently scenario or video based Encourages officers to slow things down and communicate with subjects before using force
42
what is deescalation
encourage officers to emphasize communication over physical force
43
7 core principles of T3
```  Be balanced  Be real  Maintain self-control  Be smooth  Be empathetic  Create lasting positive effects  Never humiliate ```
44
GIR-ing IN
Goal: what do both sides want out of the interaction Identity: try to identify core components of the person’s identity Relation: relate to the person’s identity in reaching an acceptable solution for both
45
policing by consent
a philosophy of policing where the police derive their authority through the will of the people.
46
democratic policing
emphasize government by the people.
47
5 goals of policing
``` law enforcement crime prevention public safety public service community engagement ```
48
3 groups of Van Manaan's police culture
assholes know nothings suspicious persons
49
"real police work"
search, chase, and capture
50
components that changed in the 90s that eroded the monolithic police culture
Increased diversity in policing Rise of community policing
51
police crime
crime committed by the police in the course of executing their duty.
52
corruption
Misuse of authority as a police officer (has to be for a police officer specifically) for personal gain
53
abuse of authority
action by a police officer without regard to motive, intent, or malice that tends to injure, insult, or trespass upon human dignity, manifest feelings of inferiority, and/or violate an inherent legal right of a member of the police constituency in the course of performing police work
54
code of silence
an informal agreement among police officers to not report each other for misconduct
55
EPIC program
Ethical Policing Is Courageous, practices good bystandership, classroom training, roleplay, policies.
56
what is reportable for use of force
* Reportable indicates a level of seriousness | * This where our data comes from
57
levels of force
Mere presence Verbalization Command voice Firm grips Pain compliance Impact techniques Deadly force
58
evidence based policing
approach to policing that suggests police practices should be based on scientific evidence about what works
59
three things police practices are decided by
 Good ideas  Gut feelings  Tradition
60
two components of evidence based policing
interpreting and generating evidence
61
SARA model
o Scanning: the officer scans the area and identifies a problem o Analysis: the officer collects information from various sources in the community as well as from his/her own department o Response: a solution developed and implemented for the specified problem o Assessment: officer evaluates the effectiveness of the response
62
how crime analysis relates to crime oriented policing
POP identifies a problem and gathers data, then EBP becomes instrumental in identifying a solution to the problem (response stage)
63
hot spots
Crime is concentrated in specific locations
64
crime triangles
motivated offender vulnerable target/victim place/opportunity
65
directed patrols
intensified patrolling patterns in areas known to generate increased criminal activity (hot spots)
66
key argument of broken windows
people associate disorder with crime
67
definition of order maintenance policing
policing strategy that emphasizes enforcement of minor offenses and acts of physical and social disorder
68
Terry v. Ohio
police may briefly detain a person whom they reasonably suspect is involved in criminal activity, reasonable suspicion
69
four components of procedural justice
voice neutrality dignity/respect trustworthy motives
70
three components of the argument of procedural justice
voluntary cooperation public support legitimacy
71
why diversity is important
Countering negative stereotypes Agencies are less likely to engage in racial profiling African-American officers may relate better to African-American victims and suspects • Increased crime reporting • Increased legitimacy
72
elements of a successful victim response
``` o Effective communication o Empathy o Professionalism and integrity o Honest and confidentiality o Knowledge of available resources o Responsiveness ```

Police Problems (3 decks)

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