Exam 3

Question 1

cognitive development

Answer 1

how a person perceives, thinks and gains understanding of their world through interaction of genetic and learned factors

Question 2

piagets stages

Answer 2

sensorimotor
preoperational, toddler
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 3

violation of expectation paradigm

Answer 3

technique for studying infant cognition, based on habituation and dishabituation procedures, in which increases in an infant’s looking time at an event or other stimulus are interpreted as evidence that the outcome he or she expected has not occurred
involved with object permanence

Question 4

harlow’s study

Answer 4

revealed the importance of maternal contact

Question 5

authoritative

Answer 5

democratic, reciprocal, clear standards, flexible

Question 6

authoritarian

Answer 6

emotionally distant, power, clear rules, punishment, high expectations

Question 7

uninvolved

Answer 7

absent, passive

Question 8

permissive

Answer 8

lenient, avoid confrontation, few rules

Question 9

emerging adulthood

Answer 9

a phase of the life span between the adolescence and also full-fledged adulthood which encompasses late adolescence and early adulthood

Question 10

erikson’s theory

Answer 10

intimacy vs. isolation

form intimate relationships with others or become isloated

Question 11

socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 11

increased selectivity in social interaction and increased positive emotion
focus on meaningful experiences in the present

Question 12

attitudes and longevity

Answer 12

adults with more positive self-perceptions of aging lived longer

Question 13

sex

Answer 13

properties that deteermien classification as male or female

Question 14

gender

Answer 14

social and psychological experience of being make or female

Question 15

biological approaches

Answer 15

• biological factors primary contributor to gender development
• no postnatel experience, innnate difference

Question 16

empathy

Answer 16

feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person

• understand the inner life of another person
• female advantage

Question 17

cognitive differences

Answer 17

females higher on verbal ability

males higher on spatial ability

Question 18

agression

Answer 18

males more overt aggression and females mroe relational

Question 19

overt aggression

Answer 19

physically or verbally harming something

Question 20

relational aggression

Answer 20

harming social standing

Question 21

speed dating study

Answer 21

males reported greater importance of physical attractiveness
females greater importance of earning potential
but no differences for those when considering real life partners found

Question 22

social psychology

Answer 22

the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

Question 23

bystander effect

Answer 23

fewer people help when in the presence of others available to help

Question 24

social cognition

Answer 24

explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

Question 25

person perception

Answer 25

using social stimuli to form an impression of others

Question 26

impressions

Answer 26

overall impression influenced more by information first received

Question 27

attribution theory

Answer 27

attempts to discover the underlying causes of behavior in order to make sense of the behavior

Question 28

fundamental attribution theory

Answer 28

tendency of observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external factors

Question 29

cognitive dissonance

Answer 29

our actions don't equal our attitudes

Question 30

self-perception theory

Answer 30

make inferences about attitudes by perceiving our behavior, attitudes shaped by behavior

Question 31

conformity

Answer 31

adjusting behavior and or thinking to fit with a group standard

Question 32

normative social influence

Answer 32

going along with other in pursuit of social approval

Question 33

information social influence

Answer 33

going along with others because their ideas and behavior make sense

Question 34

obediance

Answer 34

behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority

Question 35

deindividuation

Answer 35

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group setting

Question 36

social facilitation

Answer 36

the improved performance on tasks done in the presence of others

Question 37

social impairment

Answer 37

worse performance on tasks done in the presence of others

Question 38

social loafing

Answer 38

the tendency to exert less effort in a group setting than when held individually responsible

Question 39

group polarization

Answer 39

strengthening of views after discussion or interaction

Question 40

groupthink

Answer 40

when the desire for harmony within a group suppresses dissention

Question 41

social identity

Answer 41

ethnicity and religion, relationship, vocations, political affiliation, stigmatized groups

Question 42

social identity theory

Answer 42

crucial part of self-concept and valuable source of identity

Question 43

explicit prejudice

Answer 43

conscious and openly shared attitude

Question 44

implicit prejudice

Answer 44

attitude exist on a deeper, more hidden level

Question 45

mere exposure effect

Answer 45

psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

Question 46

I-O psychology

Answer 46

scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace

Question 47

hawthorne studies

Answer 47

- how do work conditions affect productivity | - effect: people tend to perform better because of being singled out and made to feel important

Question 48

human relations approach

Answer 48

emphasized psychological characteristics of works and managers

Question 49

industrial psychology job analysis

Answer 49

process of generating a description of what a job involves, necessary knowledge and skills, fair treatment in hiring and promotions

Question 50

employee selection integrity test

Answer 50

likelihood employee with be honest on the job | easily faked

Question 51

situational judgement test employee selection

Answer 51

realistic, hypothetical scenarios

Question 52

industrial performance appraisal

Answer 52

evaluation of success at meeting goals | includes biases like halo of getting the same rating on all things

Question 53

theory x and y

Answer 53

x: work is unpleasant and people must be kept in line y: people seek out responsibility, work with employees

Question 54

strengths based management

Answer 54

maximize existing strengths rather than build from the ground up