Exam 3 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the different dimensions of Conduct problems? What are the Four Quadrants? Examples-
Covert, Overt
Destructive, Nondestructive
Covert/Destructive = Property Violations (CT, paint…vandalism)
Covert/Nondestructive = Status Violations (underage drinking)
Overt/Destructive = Aggression (fighting)
Overt/Nondestructive = Oppositional Behavior (defiant, stubborn, argumentative)
How is the emergence and progression of antisocial behavior different for boys and girls?
Childhood:
- More common in boys than girls.
- Gap Narrows in Adolescence* (though physical aggression is static over time.
Fights-
- Boys: Decreases with age.
- Girls: Increases with age.
Disobedience:
- Both boys and girls decrease with age.
Hanging with “wrong crowd”
- Boys and girls increase until ~early teens then begins to decrease.
Explain why there is a such a difference in expression and progression of ASD between boys and girls-
Boys tend to express theirs more overtly than girls, leading to an earlier recognition of antisocial behavior in boys.
Explain Callous and Unemotional Interpersonal style-
Callous: Lack of empathy
- Absence of Guilt
- Lack of empathy
- Uncaring attitude
Expressed through shallow or deficient emotional responses; related traits of narcissism and impulsivity.
What is a Behavioral Intervention approach that has proven helpful in treating Oppositional Defiant Disorder? Explain-
Parent-Management Training Programs and Family Therapy.
- Parents/caregivers are taught techniques in positive reinforcement and ways to discipline appropriately
What differentiates Life-Course-persistent and Adolescent-Limited pathways to Antisocial behavior?
Life-Course-Persistent: Begins Early and Persists into Adulthood
Adolescent-Limited: Begins in Puberty and Ends in Young Adulthood
Explain why teenage girls seem to have a higher risk of developing Depressive symptoms than teenage boys-
Adolescent girls are more prone to specific symptoms that are predictors for the development of depression, e.g. feelings of inadequacy, negative self-evaluation.
Also, possibly due to physical, psychological, and social changes in teenage years.
Define and explain Anhedonia-
Anhedonia: The loss of joy and interest in nearly all activities.
Flat affect.
Explain the role that Cognitive Distortions and Cognitive Deficits play in Depression-
Distortions may lead to negative beliefs(I’m not good enough, never do anything right)
- ANST
- Generalized negative thinking.
Biases(distortions) can lead to a negative perception of experiences:
- Attentional Bias: Being more attentive/respondent to negative stimuli such as a frown, “dang” (negative expressions/situations) - why is this man following me…
- Attributional Biases: Attributing negative perceptions to everyday things. “He must be ____ so he can ____.”
Give two examples of Cognitive Deficits/Distortions that may be present for a child or adolescent with a depressive disorder- `
- Automatic Negative Thoughts.
- Depressive Ruminative Style (Sitting in the bad feelings that are caused by an event. Rather than moving on, just sit in them)
What characteristics must an individual have to receive the Manic classification of a Bipolar Disorder?
Criterion A: a distinct period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood & abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week.
Criterion B: Must have at least 3 of-
- Decreased need for sleep.
- More talkative than usual.
- Flight of ideas.
- Risky behavior.
What differentiates Manic from Hypomanic Bipolar disorder?
Hypomanic: Someone who is just below the requirement for the Manic diagnosis.
Why is it difficult to diagnose a child with a bipolar disorder?
Difficult to distinguish a bipolar episode from the typical mood swings of children.
What 3 interrelated response systems are involved in the experience and expression of anxiety? Describe-
Physical System:
- The Brain sends messages to the Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight).
Cognitive System:
- Leads to apprehension, nervousness, difficulty concentrating.
Behavioral System:
- Aggression paired with a desire to escape the threatening situation.
What differentiates worry, anxiety, and panic?
Worry: Is associated with specific things such as getting to work on time or doing well in class.
Anxiety: Strong negative emotion and physical symptoms caused by anticipation of future danger (generalized, not specific).
Panic: Observable symptoms such as hyperventilating, shaking, and sweating. Occurs without any obvious threat or danger
What differentiates Obsessions and Compulsions? What is their relationship?
Obsessions: Intrusive thoughts that are unwanted causing anxiety and stress.
Compulsions: Purposeful and intentional behaviors
Relationship: Individual experiences Obsessions (unwanted, intrusive thoughts) and attempts to alleviate them by performing the compulsion.
What are some symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? What differentiates GAD from other anxiety disorders?
GAD:
- Excessive and Uncontrollable anxiety and worry.
- Accompanied by at least one physical symptom (tension, headaches, or nausea)
GAD is Generalized Anxiety, not focused on just one specific event(s), applies to a variety of everyday life events.
