Exam 3 Flashcards by Rebecca James

Glomerular filtration rate is increased by (select all that apply)

a. dilating the efferent arteriole
b. dilating the afferent arteriole
c. constricting the efferent arteriole
d. constricting the afferent arteriole

bc - dilating the afferent arteriole, constricting the efferent arteriole

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The efferent pathway of the arterial baroreceptor pathway includes

a. neither hormones nor nerves
b. nerves
c. both hormones and nerves
d. hormones

c - both hormones and nerves

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During expiration,

a. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the lung equals the absolute value of the transpulmonary pressure
b. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the lung is greater than the absolute value of the transpulmonary pressure.
c. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the lung is less than the absolute value of the transpulmonary pressure.

b. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the lung is greater than the absolute value of the transpulmonary pressure.

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Which of the following proteins is a cofactor for clotting factor IX

Factor I

Factor II

Factor III

Factor V

Factor VII

Factor VIII

Factor X

Factor XI

Factor XII

Factor XIII

Factor VIII

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During inspiration,

a. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the chest wall is greater than the absolute value of the transmural pressure across the chest wall.
b. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the chest wall equals the absolute value of the transmural pressure across the chest wall.
c. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the chest wall is less than the absolute value of the transmural pressure across the chest wall.

a. the absolute value of the elastic recoil of the chest wall is greater than the absolute value of the transmural pressure across the chest wall.

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Arterial PCO2 is a measure of
a. Both the concentration of carbon dioxide and the pressure exerted by carbon dioxide in arterial blood

b. The concentration of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
c. The pressure exerted by carbon dioxide in the arterial blood

b. The concentration of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

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Juan and Dametria and both breathing with a tidal volume of 500 ml and a frequency of 12 breaths/minute. Juan doubles his tidal volume while halving his frequency, while Dametria halves her tidal volume while doubling her frequency. Who has decreased his or her alveolar ventilation?

a. neither of them
b. Juan
c. dametria
d. both of them

c. Dametria

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In healthy people, what limits their aerobic capacity?

a. cardiac output
b. alveolar ventilation

a. CO

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Given the following, what is the ejection fraction in percent (not decimal, number only)?
End-Diastolic Volume = 250ml
End-Systolic Volume = 150ml

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Shear stress in arteries increases the production of (select all that apply)

a. endothelin-1
b. vasopressin
c. prostacyclin
d. angiotensin II
e. epinephrine
f. tromboxane A2
g. nitric oxide

cg - prostacyclin and nitric oxide

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Hyperventilation is defined as

a. An arterial PCO2 level less than 40 mmHg
b. An arterial PO2 level greater than 100 mmHg
c. An arterial PCO2 level greater than 40 mmHg
d. An arterial PO2 level less than 100 mmHg

An arterial PCO2 level less than 40 mmHg

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Around the normal range, chemoreceptors are more sensitive to

a. blood CO2 levels
b. Blood O2 Levels

a. blood CO2 levels

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What hormone is the primary regulator of potassium balance in healthy people?

a. aldosterone
b vitamin D
c. epinephrine
d. atrial natriuretic factor
e. erythropoietin
f. parathyroid hormone
g. cortisol
h. vasopressin

a. aldosterone

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Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in vasopressin secretion?

a. Increasing mean arterial pressure by 2 mmHg
b. Increasing body osmolarity by 2 mOsm
c. Decreasing body osmolarity by 2 mOsm
d. Decrease mean arterial pressure by 2 mmHg

b. increasing body osmolarity by 2 mOsm

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If lung compliance is too low,
a.Both expiration and inspiration are more difficult

b,Both expiration and inspiration are easier

c. Inspiration is more difficult and expiration is easier
d. Expiration is more difficult and inspiration is easier

c.Inspiration is more difficult and expiration is easier

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T or F The intrapleural pressure is always negative in normal breathing.

True

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The liver makes most of the proteins in the blood. In some liver diseases, the liver production of protein decreases. In this case you would expect,
a. more absorption into capillaries

b. more filtration out of capillaries
c. no change in the filtration out of nor the absorption into capillaries

b. more filtration out of capillaries

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In response to low oxygen concentrations, pulmonary arterioles

a. vasoconstrict
b. vasodilate

a. vasoconstrict

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Generally, at least on the short-term, it is more important for the kidney to maintain the extracellular amount of _______________ at the normal value.

a. Na+
b. K+

b. K+

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Pressure is higher

a. in the abdominal cavity
b. in the thoracic cavity

a. in the abdominal cavity

As filtrate travels down the descending loop of Henle, its osmolarity

a. decreases
b. stays the same
c. increases

c. increases

T or F Surfactant increase the compliance of the lung.

True

What protein does oxygen bind to in the blood?

hemoglobin

According to the equation for bulk flow in the pulmonary system, positive flow is

a. expiration
b. inspiration

a. expiration

Because of the blood-brain-barrier, the brain can regulate the passage of __________________ from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid. a. both lipid- and water-soluble substances b. lipid-soluble substances c. water-soluble substances

c. water- soluble substances

Why does blood flow to the skin increase during exercise a. Increased sympathetic activity to the skin vasculature b. Increased parasympathetic activity to the skin vasculature c. Flow autoregulation d. Increase prostacyclin release e. Decreased parasympathetic activity to the skin vasculature f. Active hyperemia g. Decreased sympathetic activity to the skin vasculature h. Decreased endothelin-1 release i. reactive hyperemia j. Increased nitric oxide release

g. Decreased sympathetic activity to the skin vasculature

Given the following: Urine collection time: 3 hours and 20 minutes Urine volume: 400 ml Urine inulin concentration: 260 mg/ml Urine para-aminohippurate concentration: 1g/ml Plasma inulin concentration: 4 mg/ml Plasma para-aminohippurate concentration: 4 mg/ml What is the glomerular filtration rate? (don't forget units)

130 ml/min

Given the following: milli (m) = 10-3, micro (μ) = 10-6, nano (n) = 10-9 Glomerular filtration rate = normal average Urine collection time: 3 hours and 20 minutes Urine volume: 400 ml Urine hydrogen concentration: 1 μM Plasma free hydrogen concentration: 4 nM What is the clearance of hydrogen? (don't forget units) [A] Is hydrogen netly secreted, reabsorbed or neither? [B] Does this person most likely consume a high or low protein diet? [C]

A. 5oo ml/min b. secreted c. high

Which is more compliant? a. the lung b. the chest wall

a. the lung

Given the following, what is the filtered load of substance X, assuming X is freely filtered? (don't forget units) GFR = 115 ml/min Plasma concentration of X = 5 mg/ml Time for urine collection = 1 hour 40 minutes Urine volume = 200 ml Urine concentration of X = 10 mg/ml

575 mg/min

What is the rate-limiting step in the creation of angiotensin II? a. The converstion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. b. The conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I c. The production of angiotensinogen

b. The conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pulmonary system? a. Regulating acid-base balance b. Helping in the production of angiotensin II c. All of these are functions of the pulmonary system d. Defense against pathogens e. Trapping blood clots

c. All of these are functions of the pulmonary system

What are the primary chemicals reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle? chloride amino acids vitamins sodium calcium water potassium glucose phosphate

Chloride, Sodium, Potassium

Which receptor is in the heart for the sympathetic nervous system?

beta 1

Normal resting expiration requires the contraction of (select all that apply) a. None of these muscles b. Diaphragm c. External intercostal muscles d. Internal intercostal muscles e. Abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, internal and external abdominal obliques and transversus abdominis)

a. none of these muscles

According to the Law of Laplace, if surface tension were the same in all alveoli, only the __________________ alveoli would inflate. a. largest b. smallest

a. largest

What hormone is the primary regulator of sodium balance in healthy people? a. cortisol b. vitamin D c. erythropoietin d. aldosterone e. atrial natriuretic factor f. epinephrine g. parathyroid hormone h. vasopressin

d. aldoesterone

Given the following: Glomerular filtration rate = normal average Urine collection time: 3 hours and 20 minutes Urine volume: 400 ml Urine potassium concentration: 50mM Plasma potassium concentration: 5mM What is the clearance of potassium? (don't forget units) [A] Is potassium netly secreted, reabsorbed or neither? [B]

A. 20 ml/min | b. reabsorbed

What protein does H+ bind to in the blood?

hemoglobin

Consuming which of the following would cause the greatest increase in plasma volume? a. half a bag of potato chips b. a liter of water

a. half a bag of potato chips

Red blood cells are little bags of ______________________ . (what protein)

hemoglobin

T or F The reabsorption of bicarbonate ion from the filtrate involves the production of carbonic acid in the tubule.

True

Hemoglobin has its highest affinity for oxygen when PO2 values are between a. 0-10 mmHg b. 10-50 mmHg c. 50-75 mmHg d. 75-100 mmHg

b. 10-50 mmHg

If a person is diving with a tank of normal air, and the pressure in the water the person is in is 1500 mmHg (this will be the pressure of air in the tank), what is the partial pressure of oxygen, in mmHg, in this person's trachea during mid-inspiration?

305.13

Chemoreceptors synapse in the a. dorsal respiratory group b. apneustic center c. pneumotaxic center d. ventral respiratory group

a. dorsal respiratory group

Which channel in nodal cells brings the cell to threshold (just before the action potential)? a. the F-type cation channel b. The T-type calcium channel c. The inward-rectifying potassium channel d. The L-type calcium channel

b. The T-type Ca++ Channel

T or F In a healthy person at sea level, breathing 100% oxygen (for example, at an oxygen bar), would significantly increase the amount of oxygen in that person's blood.

False

Bronchoconstriction can be induced by a. Low PCO2 levels b. High PO2 levels c. Low PO2 levels d. High PCO2 levels

a. Low PCO2 levels