exam 3: atherosclerosis

Question 1

______ disease leading cause of death in US

Answer 1

cardiovascular

Question 2

fatty streaks ______ and _____

Answer 2

• enlarge

- harden

Question 3

arteries _____ and ______

Answer 3

• stiffen

- narrow

Question 4

_____ and _____ accumulate as plaques grow

Answer 4

• cholesterol

- calcium

Question 5

most people have evidence of well developed plaque by age ___

Answer 5

30

Question 6

when the arteries stiffen and narrow it cause an increase in ____

Answer 6

blood pressure

Question 7

most common type of cardiovascular disease

Answer 7

coronary artery disease

Question 8

if atherosclerosis occurs in the heart it can lead to

_____ ______ disease, ____, or _______

Answer 8

• coronary artery
• MI
• angina

Question 9

if atherosclerosis occurs in the brain it can lead to a

Answer 9

TIA

Question 10

strokes and heart attacks are both _______ diseases

Answer 10

inflammatory

Question 11

what is it when a blood clot sticks to plaque and closes the artery?

Answer 11

thrombosis

Question 12

what is it called when a clot breaks free and loges into a small capillary?

Answer 12

embolism

Question 13

______ ______ rises which further damages arteries

Question 14

atherosclerosis risk factors:

high ____, low ____, high ____

Answer 14

• LDL
• HDL
• triglycerides

Question 15

why do females over 55 or with premature menopause have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis?

Answer 15

after menopause women’s cholesterol levels rise

Question 16

______ is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis

Answer 16

smoking

Question 17

LDL below ____ for high risk pts

Answer 17

70

Question 18

LDL for normal risk pt below ____

Answer 18

100

Question 19

HDL level greater than ____

Answer 19

60

Question 20

triglycerides less than ____

Answer 20

150

Question 21

normal BMI ___-_____

Answer 21

18.5-24.9

Question 22

heart healthy diets emphasize ______, _____, and_______ _____

Answer 22

• fruits
• veggies
• whole grains

Question 23

heart healthy diet limits ______ _____ to 5-7% of total kcal

Answer 23

saturated fat

Question 24

heart healthy diet limits saturated fat intake to __-__% of total kcal

Answer 24

5-7%

Question 25

heart healthy diet: keep _____ ____ intake as low as possible

Answer 25

trans fat

Question 26

____fibers can reduce LDL cholesterol levels

Answer 26

soluble

Question 27

soluble fibers can reduce ___ cholesterol levels

Answer 27

LDL

Question 28

dietary cholesterol doesn't effect your blood levels nearly as much as ____ _____

Answer 28

saturated fat

Question 29

keep dietary cholesterol to less than _____

Answer 29

200mg/day

Question 30

_______ is a good substitute for butter in pts at high risk for heart disease

Answer 30

olive oil

Question 31

plant sterols block the absorption of ________ from food

Answer 31

cholesterol

Question 32

about _____ of plant sterols daily can lower LDL cholesterol

Answer 32

2 grams

Question 33

omega 3 fatty acids can lower ________ ______ levels

Answer 33

blood triglyceride

Question 34

it is recommended by the American Heart Association to

Answer 34

eat fish several times a week

Question 35

omega 3 fatty acids suppress _______

Answer 35

inflammation

Question 36

omega 3 fatty acids reduce _____ ______

Answer 36

blood clotting

Question 37

alcohol in moderation can have favorable effects on coronary heart disease by raising _______ levels

Answer 37

HDL

Question 38

_____ minutes a week of moderate intensity activity can help reduce risk for CHD

Answer 38

150

Question 39

vitamin ___ supplements can increase risk of heart failure long term

Answer 39

E

Question 40

______ influence blood volume

Answer 40

kidneys

Question 41

_____ creates extra blood vessels

Answer 41

obesity

Question 42

hypertension is 2 to 3 times more likely in ____ diabetes

Answer 42

type 2

Question 43

hypertension: _______ makes kidneys retain more sodium

Answer 43

hyperinsulinemia

Question 44

hypertension accelerates _______

Answer 44

atherosclerosis

Question 45

hypertension can lead to _____ and ____ failure

Answer 45

heart and renal

Question 46

hypertension can cause _____ from pressure

Answer 46

aneurysm

Question 47

diet rich in _____, ______, and _____ good for hypertension

Answer 47

- potassium - calcium - magnesium

Question 48

DASH diet low in ____ and rich in _____, ____, and ______

Answer 48

- sodium | - calcium, potassium, magnesium

Question 49

hypertension diet low in ____ ___, and___ ___ ___

Answer 49

- saturated fats | - trans fatty acids

Question 50

exercise may building new ____ _____

Answer 50

coronary arteries

Question 51

emphasize _______ fats, _____ __ ____ ___, ______ fiber, and ___ _____ in diets w pts with hypertension

Answer 51

- monounsaturated - omega 3 fatty acids - soluble fiber - soy protein

Question 52

____ temp meals after MI

Answer 52

moderate

Question 53

congestive heart failure can cause _____, ______, and ______ edema

Answer 53

- pulmonary - peripheral - hepatic

Question 54

increased ______ needs with CHF

Answer 54

energy

Question 55

what med increases the pumping strength of the heart?

Answer 55

cardiac glycosides

Question 56

meds for pts with CHF (4)

Answer 56

- cardiac glycosides - diuretics - potassium - stool softeners

Question 57

CHF: restrict _____ and ______

Answer 57

- sodium | - fluid

Question 58

sodium restriction about ___ grams/day

Answer 58

2