exam 3: GI tract disorders Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
clear liquids are
A
broth and tea
2
Q
____ can cause diarrhea after a GI infection
A
lactose
3
Q
mechanical soft diet can be used for a pt with ________ ________
A
missing teeth
4
Q
mechanical soft diet
A
foods are liquid, chopped, tender or cooked
5
Q
______ foods better tolerated with mouth ulcer
A
cool
6
Q
cool foods examples (2)
A
yogurt
ice cream
7
Q
_______ and _______ can cause reduced saliva
A
- radiation
- Sjogrens syndrome
8
Q
pts with reduced saliva are at greater risk for ______ and ________
A
- dental decay
- periodontal disease
9
Q
pudding thick liquid
A
- thickest
- holds its own shape
10
Q
honey thick
A
drizzles from cup or bowl
11
Q
nectar thick
A
- thinnest
- easily pourable
12
Q
stage 1 solids
A
- pureed
- for pts with greatest difficulty swallowing
13
Q
stage 2 solids
A
- ground, moist, soft textured
- easily chewed
14
Q
stage 3 solids
A
-moist, bite sized
15
Q
stage 4 solids
A
regular diet
16
Q
foods that are difficult to swallow (2)
A
- peas
- peanut butter
17
Q
fiber DRI for women
A
about 25 grams a day
18
Q
fiber DRI for men
A
about 38 grams a day
19
Q
foods that promote gas production
A
- carbonated beverages
- cruciferous veggies (broccoli, cauliflower)
- onions, garlic
- beer
- apples
- excess of fruit juice
20
Q
foods that reduce colostomy odor(4)
A
- yogurt
- buttermilk
- parsley
- cranberry juice
21
Q
endoscopy or biopsy of intestines looks at the ______ _______ to determine if someone is malnourished
A
-absorptive surface
22
Q
test for lactose intolerance
A
hydrogen breath test
23
Q
test for fat malabsorption
A
-fecal fat measurement
24
Q
test for vitamin b12 malabsorption
A
-schilling test
25
gastric bypass can cause ______ _____
dumping syndrome
26
results of gastric bypass:
reduced _____ ____ and reduced absorption of ______
- stomach volume
| - some nutrients
27
what is gastric banding?
- adjustable band around top of stomach, creating a small pouch
28
is there more weight loss with gastric banding or gastric bypass?
gastric bypass
29
in lactose intolerance, pts lack ______ in intestines, so they are unable to break down _____
- lactase
| - lactose
30
what cultures is lactose intolerance most common?
- asians
- african americans
- native americans
- latinos
- Ashwakanazi Jews
31
most _____ _____ and ______ is fairly well tolerated in people with lactose intolerance
- aged cheese
| - yogurt with active cultures
32
dysphagia causes
- aging
- nervous system diseases
- developemental disabilities
- stroke
33
how is dysphasia diagnosed?
- xray
- fluoroscopy
- measurement of sphincter pressure and peristalsis
34
______ placement is preferred to ______ placement when using tube feeds with a pt with dysphagia
- intestinal
| - gastric
35
intestinal placement is preferred to gastric placement in pts with dysphagia to prevent ______ _______
aspiration pneumonia
36
another word for indigestion
dypepsia
37
GERD causes
- frequent heartburn
- ascites
- pregnancy
- asthma
- peptic ulcers
- IBS
38
esophagus becomes ______ and ______ with GERD
- narrowed
| - scarred
39
GERD often caused by _____ ______bc the sphincter protrudes up through the diaphragm
-hiatal hernia
40
antacids for gerd
- proton pump inhibitor- prilosec
| - histamine 2 receptor blocker --pepcid
41
what do antisecretory meds do?
-suppress gastric secretions
42
what do cholingeric meds do?
strengthen cardiac sphincter pressure
43
acute gastritis causes
- overuse of aspirin
- alcohol abuse
- food poisining
- radiation
- bacterial infection
- metabolic stress
44
chronic gastritis common in _____
seniors
45
chronic gastritis causes
- gastric surgery
- diseases of stomach or liver
- h pylori
- aging
46
what 2 deficiencies can develop with chronic gastritis?
- vitamin b12
| - iron
47
_____ _____ is erosion of top layer of cells
peptic ulcer
48
peptic ulcer is _____ of top layer of _____
- erosion
| - cells
49
ulcers:
| underlying cells exposed to ______ _____
gastric juices
50
causes of ulcers
- h pylori
- anti inflammatory meds
- disorders that increase gastric secretions
51
disorder that increases gastric acid secretion
Zollinger Ellison syndrome (pancreatic tumor)
52
______ ______ worsens ulcers
cigarette smoking
53
diets rich in _____ from _____ and ____ seems to help prevent duodenal ulcers
- fiber
| - fruits and veggies
54
insoluble fiber:
adds ____ to stool
bulk
55
insoluble fiber:
increases _____ ______
GI transit
56
insoluble fiber:
| _____ bowels
stimulates
57
insoluble fiber helps with ______
constipation
58
soluble fiber delays ____ ______
GI transit
59
soluble fiber is good for pts with ______
diarrhea
60
high fiber diets used in pts with
- diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- diverticulosis
- irritable bowel
- chrons in remission
61
which sugar alcohols cause gas?
- sorbitol
| - manitol
62
_____ can cause gas and bloating
fructose
63
low fiber diets used for
- diverticulitis
| - active chrons
64
high soluble fiber, low insoluble diet used for
- diarrhea
| - IBS
65
diet for delayed gastric emptying
low fiber, low fat
66
_____ _____ can cause delayed gastric emptying
-diabetic neuropathy
67
______ is a gut stimulant
caffeine
68
eat foods with _____ when experiencing diarrhea to replenish bacteria in gut
probiotics
69
IBS aggravated by ______
stress
70
foods to avoid with IBS
- lactose
- fatty foods
- gas forming foods
- caffeine
- alcohol
- fructose
- sorbitol
71
what is the FODMAPS diet
has pts eliminate all of these foods and gradually add them back one by one to see how they are tolerated
72
______ disease has no known cure
chrons
73
chrons disease:
| _____ and ______ of GI
-inflammation and ulceration
74
chrons:
____ tissue can form in intestines
fibrous
75
fibrous tissue reduces absorption of ______
nutrients
76
what is a fistula?
an abnormal connection between 2 organs
77
fistulas can cause _____ loss
fluid
78
if fistula forms, ______ from ____ may enter parts of GI
- bacteria
| - colon
79
chrons can cause:
| deficiency in ______
-calcium
80
chrons can cause
deficiency in _______
magnesium
81
chrons can cause
deficiency in _______
zinc
82
chrons can cause
deficiency in _______
iron
83
chrons can cause
deficiency in vitamin _______
b12
84
chrons can cause
deficiency in _______
folate
85
chrons can cause
deficiency in vitamin _______
c
86
____ formulas preferred with chrons pts
hydrolyzed
87
chrons diet:
high in ____ and _____
calories and protein
88
chrons diet:
low in ___, _____, and ____
- fat
- fiber
- lactose
89
ulcerative colitis is inflammation of _____ ______
large intestine
90
can ulcerative colitis be cured?
if the part of the colon that is ulcerated is removed, it can be cured
91
_____ used if surgery is anticipated for pt with ulcerative colitis
TPN
92
diverticula cause:
______ in intestinal lumen and _____ of supporting muscles
- pressure
| - weakness
93
diverticula form due to _____ and lack of _____
- aging
| - fiber
94
diet for diverticulitis in active phase
low fiber
95
diet to manage diverticulitis
high fiber
96
resections of ____ intestine are less likely to cause nutritional problems than resection of ______ intestine
- large
| - small
97
colostomy:
____ and ____ removed
- rectum
| - anus
98
ileostomy:
_____, _____, and _____ removed
- colon
- rectum
- anus
99
ileostomies cause _____ stool
watery
100
foods to avoid after large bowel resection
- stringy foods
- tough skins (dried fruit, corn)
- seeds
- nuts
- mushrooms
101
foods that thicken stool (5)
- applesauce
- peanut butter
- bananas
- starchy foods
- cheese
102
limit _____ ____ postgastrectomy to prevent dumping syndrome
simple sugars
103
limit simple sugars postgastrectomy to prevent ______ _______
dumping syndrome
104
simple sugars cause _______ reaction in the intestine
hyper osmotic
105
postgastrectomy:
avoid ____ with meals
- liquids
| - creates more volume in the stomach
106
postgastrectomy:
____ _____ after eating can prevent dumping syndrome
laying down
107
postgastrectomy diet:
emphasized _____ and moderate ____ in meals
- protein
| - fat
108
postgastrectomy:
protein and fat in meals can help slow down _____ and prevent ___ _____
- absorption
| - dumping syndrome
109
add ___ or _____ gum to food to slow down absorption
- pectin
| - guar
110
what is steatorrhea?
fatty, frothy stool
111
postgastrectomy:
_____ and ______ malabsorption causes bone disease
- calcium
| - vitamin D
112
what is dumping syndrome?
when the pyloric sphincter is removed and material dumps from the stomach into the intestines rapidly
113
dumping syndrome:
______ volume decreases
blood
114
how does dumping syndrome cause hypoglycemia?
bc the material was dumped so rapidly and absorbed so rapidly that there is a surge in insulin production
115
gastric partitioning:
vitamin ____ and vitamin____ deficiencies common
-D and B12
116
gastric partitioning:
______, ______, and ______ deficiencies common
- folate
- iron
- calcium
117
emphasize ______ first in meals after gastric partitioning
protein
118
celiac disease affects _____ in ____ people
1 in 100
119
what has gluten in it? (4)
- wheat
- oats
- rye
- barley
120
celiac disease:
malabsorption of fats, proteins, carbs, fat soluble vitamins, iron, calcium, magnesium, and zinc happens bc of
atrophy of the villi
121
celiac disease:
malabsorption of ____, ______, and_____
- fats
- proteins
- carbs
122
celiac disease:
malabsorption of _____ _____ vitamins
fat soluble
123
celiac disease:
malabsorption of _____, ______,_______, and _____
- iron
- calcium
- magnesium
- zinc
124
celiac disease:
edema caused by ______ _____ ___________
protein energy malnutrition
125
______ _______ often permanent with celiac disease
lactose intolerance
126
what skin condition can develop with celiac disease?
dermatitis herpetiformis
127
celiac disease s/s
- steatorrhea
- anemia
- edema
- vitamin k deficiency
- fertility problems
128
what happens to calcium and magnesium during fat malabsorption?
they bind with unabsorbed bile and form soaps. since they are bonded in a new compound they cannot be absorbed and are then passed through the stool
129
_______ and _______ bind with unabsorbed bile and form soaps during fat malabsorption
calcium and magnesium
130
____ used for energy during fat malabsorption since fat is not being stored
protein
131
fat malabsorption:
loss of vitamin _____ reduces ____ absorption
- vitamin D
| - calcium
132
fat malabsorption:
less calcium to bind to ______
oxalates
133
fat malabsorption:
less calcium leads to increased _____ ______ levels
blood oxalate
134
fat malabsorption:
increased absorption of oxalate increases risk for ____ ______
kidney stones
135
treatment for fat malabsorption:
less than _____ grams of fat in diet
50
136
medium chain triglycerides are easier to ____ and _____
digest and absorb
137
foods with oxalate to restrict with fat malabsorption
- leafy green veggies
- beets
- nuts
- chocolate
- tea
138
what is enzyme replacement therapy?
pancreatic enzymes are used to digest fat
139
bacterial overgrowth can cause ______ ________
fat malabsorption
140
what 2 things usually prevent bacterial overgrowth?
- gastric acid
| - peristalsis
141
chronic gastritis:
cells of stomach _____ and less _____ _____ is produced
- atrophy
| - hydrochloric acid
142
bacteria overgrowth:
bacteria dismantle ____ causing ______ ______
- bile
| - fat malabsorption
143
bacterial overgrowth causes (5)
- chronic gastritis
- antiulcer meds
- HIV
- small bowel obstruction
- neuropathy in diabetes
144
______ ____ _______ from gastric surgery can cause bacterial overgrowth
blind loop syndrome
145
what is blind loop syndrome?
occurs when digested food slows or stops moving through part of the intestine
146
bacterial overgrowth:
can see ____ and vitamin ______ deficiencies
- folate
| - vitamin b12
147
bacterial overgrowth:
_____ anemia can happen due to vitamin b12 and folate deficiencies
macrocytic
148
short bowel syndrome causes (5)
- cancer surgery
- chrons
- significant diverticulitis
- obstructions
- fistulas
149
short bowel syndrome can lead to (4)
- diarrhea
- weight loss
- muscle wasting
- bone disease
150
short bowel syndrome:
up to ____% of small intestines can be removed
50%
151
if _____ _____, ______ valve, and _____ are left the pt will have less nutritional problems
- terminal ileum
- ileocecal valve
- colon
152
short bowel syndrome:
loss of ______ and _____
calcium and magnesium
153
short bowel syndrome:
_______ and _____ malabsorption
protein and fat
154
short bowel syndrome:
______ can salvage carbs
colon
155
_____ _____ is reduced in short bowel syndrome
absorptive surface
156
remarkable adaptation:
the villi can change, become healthier, ____, and increase the ____ _______
- taller
| - absorptive surface
157
what is remarkable adaptation?
certain parts of the intestine that weren't responsible for absorbing nutrients before surgery can adapt and develop the ability
158
short bowel syndrome diet
high in _____, low in ____ and _____
- carbs
| - fat and oxalates
159
short bowel syndrome:
take vitamin _____ supplements
b12
