Exam 3 Audiology

Question 1

Waveform vs spectrum

Answer 1

Waveform = time (x-axis) spectrum = frequency

Question 2

SPL vs. HL

Answer 2

SPL =Sound Pressure Level– a physical measure of sound – uses arbitrary reference of 20 uPa
HL=Hearing Level– perceptual scale – uses the softest that an average, young, normal hearing human listener can hear at each frequency.

Question 3

Define: Pitch Perception & Mel Scale

Answer 3

Pitch perception is non-linear. UNIT FOR PITCH is mel. Doubling the frequency does not double the ‘highness’ of pitch. 1000 mel is the pitch of 1000 Hz at dB SL.

Question 4

Loudness Perception: Define phon vs. sone

Answer 4

Phon – subjective descriptor of intensity and the UNIT FOR LOUDNESS
Sone – 1000 Hz at 40 dB SL (40 phon) is 1 sone
Half the loudness is .5 sone……twice the loudness is 2 sones.

Question 5

What is dB SL ?

Answer 5

Perceptual scale - uses softest that the LISTENER OF INTEREST (normal or not) can hear at each frequency as the reference

Question 6

Consequence of SNHL?

Answer 6

Threshold elevation.
Dynamic range reduction.
Discrimination loss

Question 7

What is the purpose of amplification?

Answer 7

improve communication status
make sounds louder
improve speech intelligibility
increase signal-to-noise ratio

Question 8

What are four styles of Hearing Aids?

Answer 8

Behind the Ear (BTE) In the Ear (ITE) in The Canal (ITC) Complete in the Canal (CIC)

Question 9

What are the four components of a hearing aid?

Answer 9

1. Microphone
2. Circuitry
3. Receiver
4. Battery

Question 10

Where does microphone pick up sound? (3)

Answer 10

1. Directional microphone : picks up from specific direction
2. Omnidirectional – picks up sound from all direction
3. Cardioid / unidirectional – picks up sound from front and sides (shaped like heart)

Question 11

What are the 4 colors and sizes of hearing aid batteries?

Answer 11

Zinc air
yellow - size 10 (Small)
brown - size 312 (medium)
Orange - size 13 (Med/large)
Blue - size 675 (Large)

Question 12

What is a CROS hearing aid?

Answer 12

one good ear, and one unaidable ear. Microphone on unaidable ear. Receiver on good ear. Route sound to good ear.

Question 13

What is a BiCROS hearing aid?

Answer 13

one aidable and one ‘unaidable’ ear. Microphone on both ears. Receiver on the aidable ear. Route sound to the better ear and be amplified.

Question 14

Advantages/disadvantages of digital hearing aids?

Answer 14

Advantages: increase flexibility/fine tuning, better signal to noise ratio, complex processing, clarity, integrity or components. Disadvantages: COST

Question 15

What are two implantable hearing devices?

Answer 15

1. Bone anchored hearing aid BAHA

2. Cochlear Implant

Question 16

What are four hearing assistive technologies?

Answer 16

1. pocket talker
2. FM system
3. Infrared System
4. Induction loop system

Question 17

What is the purpose of hearing screening?

Answer 17

prevention, early identification, early intervention

Question 18

What are the principles and criteria for hearing screening?

Answer 18

Principles – importance of disorder, significant consequences if unidentified, availability of assessment, prevalence of disorder, treatment plan. Criteria – acceptable, reliable, and valid

Question 19

What does the sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence identify in decision matrix?

Answer 19

Sensitivity- identifies abnormal cases/ true positives
specificity - identify normal case/ true negative
prevalence- hearing loss in total population screened

Question 20

What is the NIH consensus statement recommendation (1993)?

Answer 20

2 stage screening protocol – 1. OAE, if failed 2. ABE (screen at 40 dBnHL) IF FAILED HE within 6 months.

Question 21

what are test site considerations for preschool screening?

Answer 21

outlets, lighting, away from noise, visual distractions, chairs and tables, carpeting & Curtains.