Exam 3 - Basics Of Genetics

Question 1

What is the science of genetics concerned with

Answer 1

The inheritance or the transmission of biological material from parents to offspring

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Unit of inheritance

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

Complete genetic material of the organism

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

Genes of a given individual

Question 5

Somatic cells

Answer 5

Most cells present throughout the body containing two copies of each chromosome

Question 6

Sister chromatids

Answer 6

Identical copies of the DNA joined together by the centromere

Question 7

Number of chromosomes in humans

Answer 7

46

Question 8

Number of homologous pairs in humans

Answer 8

23

Question 9

The complete genetic material of the organism is the genome, and the genome is dispersed across ________. The number of __________ is _______ ___________

Answer 9

Chromosomes; chromosomes; species dependent

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

Number and type of chromosomes that make up an individual’s genome

Question 11

What are autonomies

Answer 11

Non sex-chromosomes

Question 12

Gametes

Answer 12

Reproductive cells in which chromosomes exist as only a single copy

Question 13

The first meiotic division is a _______ ________

Answer 13

Reduction division

Question 14

Inheritance

Answer 14

Transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring

Question 15

Gregor Mendel

Answer 15

Father of modern genetics, pea plants

Question 16

What are the two distinct factors that control inherited characteristics

Answer 16

One from the male parent, one from the female parent

Question 17

T or F Traits bust be observed to be passed to the next generation

Answer 17

False; traits may not be observed in an individual but can be passed to the next generation

Question 18

Name the 2 laws of inheritance

Answer 18

Law of segregation, independent assortment

Question 19

Meiosis: result of cell division 1

Answer 19

1 diploid cell becomes 2 haploid daughter cells

Question 20

Meiosis: Cell division 2

Answer 20

2 haploid cells become 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 21

Law of segregation

Answer 21

Only one randomly closed chromosome is found within a gamete

Question 22

Independent assortment

Answer 22

Alleles of genes on non homologous chromosomes sort independently into the final gamete

Question 23

Alleles

Answer 23

Are different forms of genes at a locus on corresponding homologous chromosomes

Question 24

AA, Aa, aa

Answer 24

Known as the genotype

Question 25

4 modes of inheritance

Answer 25

Dominant and recessive, incomplete/partial dominance, co-dominance, sex-inherited traits

Question 26

Dominant alleles (A) ________ recessive alleles (a) and ________ _________ of the gene at the corresponding loci on the homologous pair

Answer 26

Overpower; prevent expression

Question 27

Recessive alleles (a) represent the corresponding gene code that is ‘________’ by the dominant allele (A) at the corresponding loci

Answer 27

Masked

Question 28

Incomplete/partial dominance

Answer 28

The allele is expressed in a dose dependent manner

Question 29

Co-dominance

Answer 29

Neither allele masks the other and both are expressed in heterozygous state

Question 30

When co-dominance occurs and an animal inherits red color gene from one parent and white color gene from the other parent it is expressed as ________ color in the ____________ ________

Answer 30

Roan; heterozygous state

Question 31

The three different types of sex-inherited traits

Answer 31

Sex-linked, sex-limited, sex-influenced

Question 32

________ are patterns of inheritance as simply as complete dominance

Answer 32

Rarely

Question 33

Sex-linked

Answer 33

When a gene is found within regions of the X chromosome that do not share homologous with the Y chromosome

Question 34

In all female mammalian cells, at a certain point during embryogenesis, one of the two ___ chromosome in every cell is __________ __________/__________

Answer 34

X; randomly inactivated/deleted

Question 35

A female cat with heterozygous XbXB will be a ___________ of __________ and ________

Answer 35

Patchwork; orange; black

Question 36

Sex-limited

Answer 36

Traits limited to only one sex even though both sexes carry the trait

Question 37

While both makes and females carry genes that underscore this train, only the females express the genes for this trait (an example of sex-limited traits)

Answer 37

Milk production in females

Question 38

Sex-influenced

Answer 38

Reciprocal expression of the trait occurs in males compared to females

Question 39

Sex-influenced traits of a male sheep

Answer 39

Horned allele is dominant, polled is recessive, in heterozygous state horned is expressed

Question 40

Sex-influenced traits of a female sheep

Answer 40

Polled allele is dominant, horned is recessive, in heterozygous state polled is expressed

Question 41

Epistasis

Answer 41

Expression of one gene is controlled by gene at a different locus

Question 42

Lab color will be dertimined by the ______ loci (B) and the ________ pigment loci (E)

Answer 42

Black; extension

Question 43

There there is a dominant E at the extension loci the lab will be either ________ or ___________

Answer 43

Black; chocolate