Exam 3 Ch. 11

Question 1

Structural Elements of DNA

Answer 1

Nitrogenous base
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate group
Double helix

Question 2

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA

Answer 2

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 3

Structural Elements of RNA

Answer 3

Nitrogenous base
Ribose
Phosphate group
Single stranded

Question 4

Nitrogenous bases of RNA

Answer 4

Adenine
Uricil
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 5

Semi Conservative DNA Replication

Answer 5

Parent strand is unwound and separated (Helicase)
New strands form through complimentary base pairing (DNA Polymerase)
DNA Ligase seals any breaks in sugar-phosphate backbone
New DNA will be half an old strand, half a new strand

Question 6

Enzymes involved in DNA Replication

Answer 6

Helicase
DNA Polymerase
DNA Ligase

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

Unwinding enzyme

Question 8

DNA Polymerase

Answer 8

Binding enzyme

Question 9

DNA Ligase

Answer 9

Stitches breaks in DNA after replication

Question 10

Semiconservative means

Answer 10

Each new DNA molecule is made of one parent template strand and one new strand

Question 11

3 Types of RNA

Answer 11

mRNA (Messanger)
tRNA (Transfer)
rRNA (Ribosomal)

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

carries genetic information to ribosomes

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

transfers amino acids to ribosomes

(Each tRNA can only carry one type of amino acids)

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

joins with proteins to form ribosome subunits

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Complimentary mRNA is made from a DNA template
Portion of DNA unwinds and unzips at the point of attachment of RNA polymerase
Bases join in the order dictated by the sequence of bases in the template (using U instead of T)

DNA is copied into mRNA

Question 16

What strand of DNA is used in transcription

Answer 16

Template

Question 17

Enzyme involved in Transcription

Answer 17

RNA Polymerase

Question 18

mRNA Processing

Answer 18

Addition of Poly-A tail and cap
Introns removed
Alternative splicing can produce different versions of mRNA leading to different proteins
Mature mRNA leaves nucleus and binds with ribosome in cytoplasm

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

tRNA brings in amino acids
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid to form a polypeptide chain

After translation a protein contains the sequence of amino acids originally specified in DNA

Process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of mRNA

Question 20

Enzyme used in Translation

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

Splicing

Answer 21

Introns are removed and exons are joined together which can produce different versions of mRNA leading to different proteins

Question 22

Where does splicing occur

Answer 22

In the nucleus immediately after transcription

Question 23

What is an Operon

Answer 23

A cluster of bacterial genes that can be selectively expressed and repressed

Question 24

Where is an operon located

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

Transcription factors

Answer 25

DNA binding proteins that help RNA polymerase bind to a promoter

Question 26

Similarities between DNA and RNA

Answer 26

Both nucleic acids Composed of nucleotides Sugar-phosphate backbone 4 different bases

Question 27

Differences in DNA and RNA

Answer 27

``` DNA: Double Stranded A T C G Genetic Material Deoxyribose ``` RNA: Single stranded A U C G Ribose

Question 28

Promoter

Answer 28

Where RNA Polymerase binds prior to transcription

Question 29

RNA Polymerase

Answer 29

binds nucleotides in trasncription

Question 30

Does transcription or translation come first?

Answer 30

Transcription done by mRNA

Question 31

Primary RNA

Answer 31

Before mRNA undergoes processing

Question 32

Mature RNA

Answer 32

After mRNA undergoes processing

Question 33

Introns

Answer 33

Segments of DNA that do not code for proteins

Question 34

Splicing

Answer 34

Removing introns and binding exons

Question 35

3 phases of translation

Answer 35

Initiation Elongation Termination

Question 36

Initiation

Answer 36

Brings all translation components together

Question 37

Elongation

Answer 37

Polypeptide chain increases in length one amino acid at a time

Question 38

Termination

Answer 38

When stop codon appears

Question 39

Which direction are new nucleotides added

Answer 39

5--3

Question 40

What are transcription factors

Answer 40

DNA binding proteins that help RNA polymerase bind to a promoter