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PSY 102 3012 (Psych) > Exam 3 (Ch. 7-9, 11) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Ch. 7-9, 11) Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

cognition

A

acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information

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2
Q

categories

A

grouped based on perceptual similarity

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3
Q

prototypes

A

embody the most typical features of concepts

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4
Q

IQ

A

intelligence quotient; average IQ=100

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5
Q

WAIS

A

wechsler adult intelligence score; adults over 16

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6
Q

divergent thinking

A

how well you can come up with different ways to solve problema

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7
Q

identical twins IQ

A

should be extremely similar (85%)

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8
Q

norm

A

expected average

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9
Q

developmental psychology

A

study of how humans grow and change throughout their entire lifespan

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10
Q

Jean Piaget

A

studied cognitive development and established the four stages of development

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11
Q

Stage 1: Sensorimotor

A

0-2 years; no real mental representations (later found to be false)

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12
Q

Stage 2: Pre-operational Stage

A

2-7 years; no real problem solving, lack conservation of number or volume

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13
Q

Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought

A

7-11 years; can solve conservation problems if given a concrete example

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14
Q

Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought

A

12-adult; can think abstractly and hypothetically

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15
Q

gametes

A

sex cells; only have 23 chromosomes

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16
Q

zygote

A

0-2 weeks; conception and implantation

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17
Q

embryonic

A

2-8 weeks; organogenesis(systems/organs form) and teratogens,

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18
Q

fetal

A

2-9 months; birth

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19
Q

genome

A

set of chromosomes (46)

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20
Q

genotype

A

1 individual’s unique set of chromosomes

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21
Q

phenotype

A

physical and behavioral expression of genotype

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22
Q

teratogens

A

anything that causes birth defects

  • alcohol
  • drugs
  • bacteria/viruses
  • radiation
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23
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

babies exposed to alcohol in the womb are born with birth defects

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24
Q

sex-linked inheritance

A

involves genes on the x and y chromosomes

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25
behavioral genetics
investigates the effects of heredity and environment on behavior (nature vs nurture)
26
attachment
bond between an infant and the primary caregiver
27
Harry Harlow
used robot monkey and cloth monkey to test and prove that monkeys need contact comfort more than nourishment
28
strange situation
study performed by Mary Ainsworth; baby left in a room with non-threatening stranger
29
cooing
2-3 months; vowel sounds
30
babbling
4-8 months; consonant and vowel combinations
31
holophrastic
one year; first words
32
authoritarian parenting style
strict, arbitrary rules, expect unquestioning obedience, value obedience to authority; leads to children being withdrawn, anxious and unhappy
33
authoritative parenting style
high but realistic expectations, autonomy with age, encourage open communication; leads to happier children, higher self esteem, self reliance, and responsibility
34
puberty
reproductive organs mature, assume adult body form
35
menopause
cessation of menstruation and ovulation
36
crystalized intelligence
accumulated knowledge
37
fluid intelligence
abstract reasoning, peaks in early 20s, declines slowly as people age
38
social motives
acquired through experiences and interactions
39
instincts
fixed behavior pattern specific to EVERY member of a species
40
I/O psychology
industrial/organizational; behavior in the workplace
41
mastery orientation
knowing you can improve at most things and master a few
42
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. physical: food, water, shelter, sleep 2. safety: insurance, security 3. belonging/love: family, friends, social life, s/o 4. esteem/recognition: respect 5. aesthetics: the need to have beautiful things 6. self actualization: achieve what you're capable of and give back
43
sexual orientation
sexual interest determined by genes and hormones in the womb
44
personality
tendency to behave, think and respond to most situations
45
self efficacy
your belief in your own ability to succeed
46
internal locus of control
sees self as primarily in control of behavior and consequences; associated with high self efficacy
47
external locus of control
perceive events as in the hands of fate, luck or chance; associated with low self efficacy
48
MMPI
used to screen for/diagnose psychiatric disorders
49
Rorschach Tests
projective test that reveals insight into your inner thoughts, feelings, fears and conflicts
50
imagery
the representation in the mind of a sensory experience; visual, auditory, gustatory, motor, olfactory, tactile
51
object permanence
the realization that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight
52
conservation
a given quantity or matter does not change despite being rearranged or transferred to a different container
53
private speech
talking to oneself for guidance and self-regulation of behavior
54
X chromosome
found in males and females
55
Y chromosome
found only in males
56
chromosomes
contain all genetic information necessary to make a human being
57
polygenic inheritance
many genes influence a trait
58
separation anxiety
fear shown by toddlers when parent leaves; 8-24 months, peaks between 12-18 months
59
stranger anxiety
fear of strangers; common in infants around 6-12 months
60
Elizabeth Kuler-Ross 5 Stages of Dying
1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
61
repression
traumatic memories are buried in the unconscious
62
projection
blaming your own unconscious impulses on something else or denying their existence
63
Carl Jung
personality consisted of 3 parts: ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious
64
Alfred Adler
emphasized unity of personality rather than separate components; founded individual psychology

PSY 102 3012 (Psych) (3 decks)

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