Exam 3: Chap 30-32 Flashcards
(72 cards)
Urine is composed of
95% water and 5% waste products
Organic waste products of urine
urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine
Polyuria
excessive urine
Causes of polyuria
excessive intake of caffeinated fluids, certain drugs (diruetics), DM, DI, and renal disease
Oliguria
decreased urine output
Urine collection for pregnancy test
first-morning voided specimen
Urine collection for UTI testing
clean-catch midstream
Why would you want a first-voided morning specimen?
it has the greatest concentration of dissolved substances and could easily detect presence of abnormal substance
Why would you want a clean-catch midstream specimen?
to remove and examine bacteria
Urine collection for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing
first-catch specimen with a nucleic acid amplification test
Prep for a first-catch specimen
pt should not urinate for at least 1 hr prior to collection
Amount of specimen for a first-catch collection
15-30 mL
____ contains the greatest concentration of chlamydia and/or gonorrhea bacteria, if present
first 15-30 mL
Urinalysis consists of what exams
physical, chemical, and microscopic
Time frame urinalysis needs to be preformed
within 1 hr of fresh or preserved specimen; if not then put closed container in fridge
Signs of a jeopardized urine sample
alkaline, cloudy, broken down blood cells, and decomposed casts
physical examination of urine
color, appearance, odor, and specific gravity
chemical examination of urine
pH, glucose, protein, ketone, bilirubin, urobilinogen, blood, nitrite, and leukocytes
Glucose in urine may indicate
diabetes
Protein in urine may indicate
strenuous exercise (temp), filtration problems, renal disease, and bacterial infection of urinary tract
Ketones in urine may indicate
DM, starvation, and keto diet
Ketones are products of
fat metabolism
Bilirubin is normally excreted into
bile
Bilirubin in urine may indicate
gallstones, hepatitis, and cirrhosis
