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CMA > Exam 4: Chap 12 + 27 > Flashcards

Exam 4: Chap 12 + 27 Flashcards

1
Q

The SA node causes

A

atrial depolarization

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the pause at the AV node?

A

To allow the atria to finish contracting

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3
Q

Conduction pathway

A

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> bundle branches -> perkinje fibers

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4
Q

When the ventricles contract, the atria are

A

relaxing

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5
Q

How long is a cardiac cycle

A

0.08s

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6
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

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7
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

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8
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

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9
Q

RBC count in adult females

A

4-5.5 million

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10
Q

Components needed for red blood cell production

A

Iron, vitamin B12, folic acid

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11
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Low Hb and Hct

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12
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

No vitamin B12

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13
Q

Thrombocytes aka

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve separates the

A

Right ventricle and the lungs

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15
Q

Aortic semilunar valve separates the

A

Left ventricle and the aortic arch

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16
Q

What is the heart’s pacemaker?

A

SA node

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17
Q

Function of blood

A

Protects, regulates temperature, transports oxygen and nutrients, transports hormones

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18
Q

Non-specific immunity

A

Defense system you are born with; fights against all antigens

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19
Q

In between waves in the EKG are

A

segments: PR and ST

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20
Q

EKG intervals

A

Beginning of one wave and end of another

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21
Q

What indicates a history of myocardial infarction in an EKG?

A

Large Q waves and elevated ST wave

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22
Q

Leads and electrodes in an EKG

A

10 electrodes and 12 leads

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23
Q

Bipolar leads

A

aka limb leads
Leads I, II, III

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24
Q

Augmented leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

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25
Chest leads
V1 - V6
26
Lead I
Right arm to left arm
27
Lead II
Right arm to left leg
28
Lead III
Left arm to left leg
29
aVR
Augmented lead through heart to right arm
30
aVL
Augmented lead through heart to left arm
31
aVF
Augmented lead through heart to left leg
32
V1
Fourth intercostal space at right margin of the sternum
33
V2
Fourth intercostal space at left margin of the sternum
34
V3
Midway between positions two and four
35
V4
Fifth intercostal space at junction of left midclavicular line
36
V5
At horizontal level of position four at left anterior axillary line
37
V6
At horizontal level of position 4 at midaxillary line
38
EKG pt prep
No lotions or oils, no tight fitting clothes or panty hose
39
Artifacts
Additional electrical activity picked up by the EKG
40
Causes of ar
41
Causes of muscle artifacts
Pt nervous, discomfort, movement, physical condition
42
Types of artifacts
Muscle, wandering baseline, 60-cycle interference, interupted baseline
43
Types of artifacts
Muscle, wandering baseline, 60-cycle interference, interrupted baseline
44
Muscle artifacts
Caused by
45
Wandering baseline artifacts
Caused by loose electrodes, dried out electrolyte, lotions, excessive movement of chest wall
46
60-cycle interference
aka AC artifacts
47
60-cycle interference
aka AC artifacts caused by electrical interference
48
ECG report
summarized info abt the pt's heart rate and rhythm and any abnormalities
49
Purpose of pulmonary function tests
assess lung functioning which assists in the detection and evaluation of pulmonary disease
50
Spirometer measures
how much air is pushed out and how fast
51
Indications for performing a spirometry
Pt w lung dysfunction, high risk for lung disease bc of smoking or environmental exposure, lung disease, undergo surgery, lung disability or impairment
52
Peak flow rate
max volume of air measured in L/min that can be exhaled when the pt blows into a peak flow meter as forcefully and as rapidly as possible
53
Hypoxemia
Decr in the O2 saturation in the blood
54
Hypoxia
Reduction in the O2 supply to the tissues in the body
55
Consequences of low O2
progressive deterioration, death of cells, organ failure, body system failure and death
56
Home oxygen therapy
commonly for pt w COPD from smoking also for pt w asthma, lung disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and congestive heart failure
57
Indications for performing a spirometry
Pt w lung dysfunction, high risk for lung disease bc of smoking or environmental exposure, lung disease, undergo surgery, lung disability or impairment
57
Home oxygen therapy
commonly for pt w COPD from smoking also for pt w asthma, lung disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and congestive heart failure
57
Spirometer measures
how much air is pushed out and how fast
58
Flow rate
Amount of supplemental oxygen prescribed for a pt

CMA (4 decks)

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