Exam 3: Chapter 15 - Management of Patients With Oncologic Disorders Flashcards
(53 cards)
Cancer is
a disease process that begins when an abnormal cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of cellular DNA
Cancer: Abnormal cells have
invasive characteristics and infiltrate other tissues. This phenomena is metastasis
What is Metastasis?
Spread of cancer from the primary tumor to distant sites
What is Anaplasia?
Pattern of growth in which cells lack normal characteristics and differ in shape and organiztion with respect to their cells or origin
Benign Cell Characteristics
Well-differentiated cells resemble normal cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated
Benign Mode of Growth
Tumor grows by expansion and does not infilitrate the surrounding tissues; usually encapsulated
Benign Rate of Growth
Rate of growth is usually slow
Benign Metastasis
Does not spread by metastasis
Benign General Effects
Is usually localizeed phenomenon that does not cause generalized effects unless its location interferes with vital functions
Benign Tissue Destruction
Does not usually cause tissue damage unless its location interfers with blood flow
Benign Ability To Cause Death
Does not usually cause death unless its location interfers with vital function
Malignant Cell
Cells are undifferentiated and may bear little resemblance to normal cells of the tissue from which they arose
Malignant Mode of Growth
Grows at the periphery and overocmes contact inhibition to invade and infilitrate surrounding tissues
Malignant Rate of Growth
Rate of growht is variable and depends on level of differentation; the moe anaplastic the tumor, the faster its growth
Malignant Metastasis
Gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels and metastasizes to other areas pf the body or grows across body cavities
Malignant General Effects
Often causes generalized effects, such as anemia, weakness, systemic inflammation, weight loss, and CACS
Malignant Tissue Desruction
Often causes extensive tisue damage as the tumor outgrows its blood supply or encroaches on blood flow to the area; may also produce substances that cause cell damage
Malignant Ability to cause death
Eventually causes death unless growth can be controlled
What is Carcinogenesis
Process of transforming normal cells into malignant cells
Three steps in malignant transformation?
Initiation
Promotion
Progression
What are Carcinogens?
Agents that initiate or promote malignant transformation
What do Carcinogens do during Initation?
Carcinogens such as chemicals, physical factors, or biologic agents, cause mutations in the cellular DNA. During here, Apoptosis does not occur
What occurs during Promotion?
Repeated exposure to promoting agents cause proliferation adn expansion of initiated cells with increased expression or manifesations of abnormal gene informaiton
Promotion phase generally leads to
the formaiton of a preneoplastic or benign lesion
