Exam 3: Chapter 71 - Management of PAtietns with Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Normal Route of Chain of Infection?

Answer 1

Infectious Agent -> Reservoirs -> Portal of Exit -> Route of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host

Question 2

Whats included in Infectious Agent?

Answer 2

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Rickettsia, Protozoa

Question 3

Whats included in Reservoirs?

Answer 3

People, Equipmenet, Water

Question 4

Whats included in Portal of Exit?

Answer 4

Excretions, SEcretions, Skin, Droplets

Question 5

Whats included in Route of Transmission?

Answer 5

Direct Contact, Ingeestion, Fomites, Airborne

Question 6

Whats included in Portal of Entry?

Answer 6

Mucous Memebrane, GI Tract, GU Tract, REspiraotry TRact, and Broken Skin

Question 7

Whats included in Suspectible Host?

Answer 7

Immunosuppression, Diabetes, Surgery, Burns, Elderly

Question 8

Colonization description?

Answer 8

Describes microorganisms present without host interference or interaction

Question 9

Infection description?

Answer 9

Indicates host interaction with an organization

Question 10

Disease in a host?

Answer 10

The infected host displays a decline in wellness due to the infection

Question 11

Microbiology reports from clinical specimens usually show what three components?

Answer 11

The smear and stain, the culture and organism identification, and the anti microbial susceptibility

Question 12

Information Resources for Diseases?

Answer 12

World Health Organization (WHO)
CDC
OSHA
Local Agencies
Hospital/Facility Infection Control Specialists and Facilitiy Policies

Question 13

Isolation Precautions are guidelines to

Answer 13

prevent the transmission of microorganisms in hospitals

Question 14

What are the two tiers of precautions?

Answer 14

Standard Precautions and TRansmission-Based Precautions

Question 15

What are STandard Precautions?

Answer 15

Designed for the care of all patients in the hospital and is the primary strategy for preventing HAIs

Question 16

What is a Transmission-Based Precaution?

Answer 16

Designed for care of patients with known or suspected infectious diseases spread by airborne, droplet, or contact routes

Question 17

Standard Precautions used for all patients include

Answer 17

Glove, Masks, Eye Protection, Cover Gowns and properly handling of patient care equipment

Question 18

In ICU or other locations in which virulent or resistant organisms are likely to be present, what can be used?

Answer 18

Antimicrobial agents may be used.

Question 19

When should hand hygiene be performed

Answer 19

When you enter and exit, adn when they hands are soiled. You cannot use hand santizer if the patietn has C. Diff

Question 20

Gloves should be worn when

Answer 20

a health care worker has any contact with any patent secretions or excretions and must be discarded after each patient care contact

Question 21

What type of gloves are preffered?

Answer 21

LAtex or Nitrile Gloves

Question 22

Airbrone Precautions used for those with

Answer 22

Measles
Varicella
Tuberculosis

Question 23

Droplet Precautions include

Answer 23

H. Influenza Type Disease: Meningitis, Pneumonia, Epiglottis

Invasive eNeisseria

Other SErious bacterial respiratory infections

Serious viral infections spread by droplet

Question 24

COntact PRecautions include

Answer 24

GI or Skin Wounds

C Diff

Herpes
Ulcers
Scabies
Zoster

Question 25

Airborne precautions required for patients with

Answer 25

presumed or proved pulmonary TB, Varicella, or other airborne bathogens

Question 26

Airborne Precautions: When hospitalized, patients hsould be in

Answer 26

airborne infection isolations rooms, enginnered to provide negative air pressure. HEalth care providers should wear N95 respirators.

Question 27

Droplet Precautions: Used for

Answer 27

organisms such as influenza or miningococcus that can be transmitted by close contact wiht respiratory or pharyngeal secretions. Should we face mask

Question 28

For Contact Precautions:

Answer 28

Patient should be placed in private room to facilitate hand hygiene

Question 29

What is C. Diff?

Answer 29

A spore forming bacterium that has significant HAI potential

Question 30

C. Diff infection usually preceded by

Answer 30

antibiotic agents that disrupt normal intestinal flora and allow the antibiotic resistnt C. Diff spores to proliferate within the intestine

Question 31

BEst way to kill C. Diff?

Answer 31

Bleach-based cleaning products are optimal because bleach can kill spores.

Question 32

What is MRSA?

Answer 32

A common human pathogen that is resistant to methicillin or its comparable pharmaceutical agents, oxacillin and nafcillin

Question 33

Heath care providers transmit MRSA easily because

Answer 33

S. Aureus has an affinity for skin colonization

Question 34

Control for MRSA?

Answer 34

CDC recommends contact precautions for patients with MRSA.

Question 35

VRE usully found in GI tract

Answer 35

YEs

Question 36

VRE therapy includes

Answer 36

penicillin formulations, vanocomcin in combination with an aminoglycoside or linezolid

Question 37

SyGeneralized signs of chronic infection include

Answer 37

weight loss or pallor associated with anemia of chronic diseases

Question 38

Acute infection may manifest with

Answer 38

fever, chills, lymphadenopathy, or rash

Question 39

localized signs vary by

Answer 39

source of infection

Question 40

what is strongly associated with localized infection?

Answer 40

purulent drainag,e pain, edema, and redness

Question 41

Diagnosis of Patient with Infectious Disease

Answer 41

Risk for Infection TRansmission Deficient Knowledge Risk for Ineffective Thermoregulation

Question 42

Collaborative Problems / Potential Complications

Answer 42

``` Septicemia, BActermia, or Sepsis Septic Shock Dehydration Abscess Formation Endocarditis Infectious Disease Infertility Congenital Abnormals (if getting sick while pregnant)Ma ```

Question 43

Major goal of someone with infectious disease?

Answer 43

Preventing the spread of infection, increase knowledge about infection and its treatment, control of fever, and releated discomforts and absence of complciations

Question 44

Interventions for infectious?

Answer 44

``` PErform Handwashing Excercise Standard Precautions Recognize Mode of transmission Teach about infectious process Assess and treat fever ```

Question 45

Diarrhea can lead to

Answer 45

low potassium, low electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Question 46

Diarrhea Assessment

Answer 46

Assess through skin turgor, blood pressure, heart rate, I/O, specific gravity, mental status