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PSYC 1101 Exam 3 > Exam 3 - ChatGPT > Flashcards

Exam 3 - ChatGPT Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What regulates our circadian rhythm?

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, responding to light.

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2
Q

What is an EEG?

A

A tool that measures electrical activity in the cortex during sleep using scalp electrodes.

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3
Q

How long is a typical sleep cycle?

A

About 90 minutes.

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4
Q

What are the key differences between NREM and REM sleep?

A

NREM has deep, restorative stages; REM involves vivid dreams and body paralysis.

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5
Q

How does sleep change throughout the night?

A

More deep NREM early on; more REM and NREM-2 later.

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6
Q

Name 3 sleep disorders.

A
  • Insomnia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Sleepwalking
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7
Q

How does sleep support growth?

A

Releases growth hormone, supports immune function and brain repair.

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8
Q

What is the role of sleep in memory?

A

Sleep before learning improves encoding; after learning helps consolidate memory.

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9
Q

What did Freud say about dreams?

A

Dreams are symbolic expressions of unconscious desires.

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10
Q

REM vs. NREM dreams?

A

REM dreams are vivid and emotional; NREM dreams are more realistic and thought-like.

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11
Q

What systems are involved in emotional processing?

A

Limbic system, cortical areas, autonomic and endocrine systems.

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12
Q

What are the six universal emotions?

A
  • Happiness
  • Surprise
  • Sadness
  • Fear
  • Anger
  • Disgust
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13
Q

Who proposed emotions evolved for survival?

A

Charles Darwin.

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14
Q

What is Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion.

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15
Q

Problem-focused vs. Emotion-focused coping?

A

Problem-focused targets the stressor; emotion-focused manages emotional response.

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16
Q

Acute vs. Chronic stress?

A

Acute is short-term; chronic is long-term and harmful.

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17
Q

What is the HPA axis and its hormone?

A

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis; releases cortisol.

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18
Q

How does chronic stress affect health?

A

Weakens immune system, increases heart disease risk.

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19
Q

Type A personality and stress?

A

High hostility → higher risk of heart disease.

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20
Q

What did the Dutch Hunger Winter show?

A

Prenatal stress increases adult disease risk.

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21
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy?

A

A motivational model with self-actualization at the top.

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22
Q

Carl Rogers’ three growth conditions?

A
  • Genuineness
  • Empathy
  • Unconditional positive regard
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23
Q

Internal vs. External locus of control?

A

Internal = control over life; external = fate controls life.

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24
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

Giving up after repeated failure/lack of control.

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25
What is the happiness set-point?
Long-term happiness is stable despite major events.
26
Does money buy happiness?
Only up to a certain threshold; other factors matter more.
27
What is relative deprivation?
Feeling less satisfied when comparing to others.
28
What is the hedonic treadmill?
Tendency to return to a stable level of happiness.
29
Benefits of meditation?
* Less anxiety * Lower cortisol * Better mood and sleep
30
Effects of mindfulness?
Enhances brain areas for awareness and emotion regulation.
31
Genie case importance?
Shows critical period for language development.
32
Learning multiple languages?
Easier before age 7; harder after puberty.
33
Newborns and language?
Can detect subtle sound differences.
34
Milestones of language development?
* Prevocal (2–4 mo) * Babbling (4–6 mo) * First words (~1 yr) * Telegraphic (18–24 mo) * Grammar (2.5–5 yrs)
35
Infant-directed speech melodies?
* Approval * Prohibiting * Comfort * Attention
36
Semantic networks?
Linked word meanings that support memory and retrieval.
37
Language brain areas?
* Broca’s (production) * Wernicke’s (comprehension)
38
FOXP2 gene role?
Linked to language impairment and brain structure/function.
39
Broca’s aphasia vs. Wernicke’s?
Broca’s = trouble speaking; Wernicke’s = nonsensical speech.
40
Spearman’s g-factor?
A general intelligence underlying performance in many tasks.
41
Crystallized vs. Fluid intelligence?
* Crystallized = knowledge * Fluid = problem-solving ability
42
Thurstone’s primary abilities?
* Verbal * Numerical * Memory * Spatial * Reasoning * Speed
43
What is the WAIS?
A standard IQ test with verbal and performance subtests.
44
IQ distribution stats?
Mean = 100, SD = 15, 68% fall between 85–115.
45
IQ reliability?
Fairly stable across life; early scores predict later scores.
46
What does IQ predict?
* Academic success * Job success * Health * Longevity
47
What do twin/adoption studies say?
Both genes and environment influence IQ.
48
Who proposed multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner.
49
Freud’s view of personality?
Driven by unconscious forces: Id, Ego, Superego.
50
What is psychoanalysis?
Therapy to explore the unconscious.
51
Defense mechanisms?
Mental strategies to reduce anxiety (e.g., denial, repression).
52
Big Five traits?
* Openness * Conscientiousness * Extraversion * Agreeableness * Neuroticism
53
Fundamental attribution error?
Overemphasizing personality, underestimating the situation.
54
Milgram’s obedience study?
People obeyed authority even to the point of harming others.
55
Stanford Prison parallels to Abu Ghraib?
Obedience, deindividuation, in-group conformity led to cruelty.
56
What is comorbidity?
Having multiple disorders simultaneously.
57
DSM-5-TR?
The official manual for diagnosing mental disorders.
58
Specific Phobia?
Irrational fear lasting 6+ months; disrupts life.
59
Social Anxiety Disorder?
Fear of being negatively judged in social situations.
60
GAD?
Excessive worry for 6+ months; often no clear cause.
61
OCD?
Obsessions + compulsions; causes significant distress.
62
PTSD?
Trauma-related symptoms across 4 clusters; 1+ month duration.
63
MDD?
Depressed mood/anhedonia + 4+ symptoms for 2 weeks.
64
Bipolar I vs II?
I = full mania; II = hypomania + depression.
65
Schizophrenia symptoms?
* Delusions * Hallucinations * Disorganized speech * Catatonia * Negative symptoms

PSYC 1101 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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