Exam 3: Definitions Flashcards
Ionic compounds
Metal + nonmetal
dissolves in water
molecular compound
nonmetals
Electronegativity
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right and up. Top right
increasing boiling point
more bonds = more energy to melt
H bonds are weak but H-H bonds are weaker
double/tripple bonds = more energy to break
bigger size = more energy to break
more heat = more breaking of bonds
The numerical value of an element’s electronegativity represents….
the ability of an atom in a bond to draw shared electrons to itself
Radical
1 atom has an odd number of electrons (after bonding everything after)
dipole- dipole
Next strongest
attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule
Hydrogen bonding
Can attract other molecules that are SIMILAR
ONLY occurs between molecules with Hydrogen bonded to high electronegative elements like N, O, F
london dispersion forces
Weakest bond compared to dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding
everything is attracted to the dispersion force (bigger molecule = bigger dispersion force)
weak = gas
strong = solids
Electron domains
lone pairs,
single, double, tripple bonds
valance bond theory describes how a covalent bond is formed by….
the overlap of two orbitals, with each orbital containing one electron
polar
dipole
London dispersion and dipole-dipole
lower it is on PT = lower polarity
Polar/ Polar covalent (e shared UNequally) : .5-2
BOTH need to be met or else its non-polar:
1)central atom has no lone pairs
2)all atoms around the central atom are the same
non-polar
no dipole
London dispersion
ONLY ONE needs to be met:
1) the central atom has no lone pairs
2) all atoms around the central atom are the same
Non-polar / covalent (e shared equally): less than .5
has symmetry
dipole
based on electronegativity
difference in electrons
lightly charged on one side than other
When a covalent bond forms between two atom, the potential energy of the system ______. To break a bond, energy must be ______.
Decrease
added
Octet rule states
atom gains, lose, or share electrons so that they end up with a full outer shell
valence bond theory describes how a covalent bond is formed by…
the overlap of two orbitals, with each orbital containing one electron
lone pairs
2 electrons (pair)
Polyatomic ions
Charged ions
Resonance
when two or more L.S with atoms in the same position are averaged to gove the true structure
The ability of a bonded atom to draw shared electrons to itself is called…
electronegativity
Boiling point question: atmosphere pressure and room temp, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid. we can conclude that bromine….
has weaker intermolecular forces that iodine
(bromine is weaker cuz bonds broke and turned into liquid)
Attractions
Like attractions: repel
Opp attractions: attract
When a covalent bond forms between two atoms, the potential energy of the system ______. to break a bond, energy must be _____.
decreases
added
