Exam 3 - Diseases to know

Question 1

B-lactam antibiotics

Answer 1

use dipeptide transporters to enter endothelium of sm intestine. ex) aminopenicillin

Question 2

Acute Pancreatitis

Answer 2

inflamation of the pancreas bc zymogens are activated inside organ. Triggers= alcohol, infections, or gallstones.Symptoms=vomiting and intense pain. Treatment= fasting to avoid stimulation of pancreas and anelgesics.

Question 3

Hartnup disease

Answer 3

genetic disorder defect - issue with AA transporter for uptake of large neutral AA (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Met,Val, Leu, Ile). Symptoms resemble Pellagra - dermatitis, demensia, diarrhea, and death. Treatment= dietary supplementation of niacin

Question 4

Celiac disease

Answer 4

immune response to dietary component alpha-gliadin (glycoprotein of gluten). Caucasian disease. loss of villi and sm intestine looks flat. Symptoms= nutrient deficiency, abdominal cramping, and bloating. Treatment= avoidance of alpha-gliadin - will restore structures and undo disease mostly.

Question 5

Pressure ulcers

Answer 5

localized areas of soft tissue breakdown due to pressure on soft tissue and bony part underneath. Local ischemia and malnutrition. 95% is preventable. Treatment= high protein diet and especially arginine for growth and tissue reparation

Question 6

Phenylketonuria

Answer 6

defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase - affected individual cant dispose of Phe and it accumulates. Symptoms= intellectual disabilities, recurrent seizures, hypopigmentation, and eczematious skin rashes. Accumulation of Phe competitively inhibit transport of AA into brain. Also comp inh tyr into melanocytes for melanin synthesis. Reduced synthesis and degredation of myelin. Aspartamine artificial sweetner = Phe, MeOH and Asp.