Exam # 3 ear hearing

Question 1

senses maintain ______ by providing information about the outside world to the internal enviroment

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

what do sensory receptors collect

Answer 2

they collect information from the environment and relay to the CNS

Question 3

_______ senses are found all over the body

Answer 3

general senses

Question 4

General senses are located where

Answer 4

skin, various organs, and joints

Question 5

______ receptors are confined to structures in the head

Answer 5

Specialized

Question 6

specialized senses are located where

Answer 6

ears, eyes, nose, and mouth

Question 7

What are the names of the 5 receptors in the body

Answer 7

-chemoreceptors
-pain receptors
-thermoreceptors
-mechanoreceptors
-photoreceptors

Question 8

Chemoreceptors respond to:

Answer 8

changes in the chemical concentrations (smell, taste, oxygen concentration)

Question 9

pain receptors respond to

Answer 9

tissue damage (mechanical, electrical, thermal energy)

Question 10

Thermoreceptors respond to

Answer 10

moderate changes in temperature

Question 11

mechanoreceptors respond to

Answer 11

mechanical forces that distort receptor (touch, tension, blood pressure, stretch)

Question 12

Photoreceptors respond to:

Answer 12

light (eyes)

Question 13

How do sensory impulses work

Answer 13

Stimulation of receptor causes local change in its membrane potential causing graded potential according to stimulus intensity

Question 14

if receptor is part of a neuron the membrane potential may generate an ________ ________

Answer 14

action potential

Question 15

_______ nerves transmit impulses to ______ where they are analyzed and interpreted in the brain

Answer 15

-Peripheral
-CNS

Question 16

what do sensory receptors have the ability to do (sensory adaptation)

Answer 16

they have the ability to ignore unimportant or continuous stimuli

Question 17

Sensory adaptation is best accomplished by ________ and _______ ________

Answer 17

-Thermoreceptors
-Olfactory Receptors

Question 18

What are the names of the three major areas of the ear

Answer 18

-External ear (outer ear)
-Middle ear (tympanic cavity)
-Internal (inner) ear

Question 19

these two areas of the ear are hearing only

Answer 19

external and middle

Question 20

this area of the ear is for hearing and equilibrium

Answer 20

internal ear

Question 21

What are the three parts of the outer ear

Answer 21

-auricle (pinna)
-external acoustic meatus
-tympanic membrane

Question 22

Funnel shaped
-collects sound waves

Answer 22

Auricle

Question 23

Lined with ceruminous glands
-carries sound to tympanic membrane
-ends at tympanic membrane

Answer 23

External acoustic membrane

Question 24

Vibrates in response to sound waves

Answer 24

Tympanic membrane

Question 25

what are the three parts of the middle ear

Answer 25

Tympanic cavity auditory ossicles oval window

Question 26

Air filled space in temporal bone

Answer 26

Tympanic cavity

Question 27

3 tiny bones -vibrate in response to tympanic membrane vibrations amplify force

Answer 27

Auditory ossicles

Question 28

-opening in wall of tympanic cavity -stapes vibrates against it to move fluids in inner ear

Answer 28

Oval Window

Question 29

three small bones in the tympanic cavity

Answer 29

malleus incus and stapes

Question 30

how are the three bones in the tympanic membrane suspended and joined

Answer 30

they are suspended by ligaments and joined by synovial joints

Question 31

the three bones in the tympanic membrane transmit _______ motion of eardrum to ______ _______

Answer 31

-vibration -oval window

Question 32

what are the muscles that control the three bones in the tympanic cavity

Answer 32

Tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

Question 33

Muscle contractions that occur during loud sounds to lessen the transfer of sound vibrations to inner eat and prevent damage to hearing receptors

Answer 33

tympanic reflex

Question 34

what are the muscles involved in the tympanic reflex

Answer 34

tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 35

what connects the middle ear to the throat

Answer 35

The auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 36

the auditory tube helps remain what

Answer 36

equal pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Question 37

what closes the auditory (eustachian) tube

Answer 37

closed by valve like flaps in throat

Question 38

Middle ear inflammation

Answer 38

otitis media

Question 39

The inner eat is a complex system of _______

Answer 39

labyrinths

Question 40

bony canal in temporal bone

Answer 40

Osseous labyrinth

Question 41

Tube within osseous labyrinth

Answer 41

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 42

functions in hearing

Answer 42

cochlea

Question 43

what are the three parts of labyrinths

Answer 43

-cochlea -semicircular canals -vestibule

Question 44

function in dynamic equilibrium

Answer 44

semicircular canals

Question 45

functions in static equilibrium

Answer 45

vestibule

Question 46

What are the 2 membrane covered windows in the wall of the bony labyrinth

Answer 46

-oval window -round window

Question 47

opening in the wall of the tympanic cavity through which the stapes transfers vibration to the fluid of the inner ear these vibrations stimulate hearing receptors

Answer 47

oval window

Question 48

window in the wall of the inner ear facing the tympanic cavity through which excess vibrations dissipate into the tympanic cavity

Answer 48

round window

Question 49

a spiral conical bony tube

Answer 49

cochlea

Question 50

houses spiral organ in the cochlear duct

Answer 50

cochlea

Question 51

the "roof" of cochlear duct is _________ membrane

Answer 51

vestibular

Question 52

the "floor" of cochlear duct composes of _______ membrane

Answer 52

basilar

Question 53

What are the steps in transmission of sound to the internal ear

Answer 53

-sound waves vibrate tympanic membrane -ossicles vibrate and amplify pressure at oval window -cochlear fluid set wave motion

Question 54

protrude up enmeshed in gel like tectorial membrane

Answer 54

stereocilia

Question 55

what bends stereocilia

Answer 55

sound

Question 56

stereocilia open...

Answer 56

mechanically gated ion channels

Question 57

once stereocilia open mechanically gated ion channels what happens

Answer 57

-causes graded potential and release of neurotransmitter -cochlear fibers transmit impulses to brain

Question 58

waves with frequencies ________ threshold of hearing travel through the _________ and do not activate the _____ ________

Answer 58

-below -cochlea -spiral organ

Question 59

sounds in hearing range go through the ________ ______ vibrating _____ _____ at _________ locations according to frequency of sound

Answer 59

-cochlear duct -basilar membrane -specific locations

Question 60

what will vibrate according to frequency

Answer 60

basilar membrane

Question 61

fibers near oval window that are short and stiff resonate with

Answer 61

high frequency pressure waves

Question 62

fibers near cochlear apex that are longer and more floppy resonate with...

Answer 62

lower frequency pressure waves

Question 63

What is the auditory pathway

Answer 63

-cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve -medulla oblongata -midbrain -thalamus -auditory cortex in temporal lobe of cerebrum

Question 64

What are the two types of hearing loss

Answer 64

-conductive deafness -sensorineural deafness

Question 65

What is conductive deafness

Answer 65

interference with conduction of sound vibrations to inner ear

Question 66

______ is caused by accumulation of ear wax, hardening or injury of tympanic membrane, injury to ossicles, otosclerosis

Answer 66

conductive deafness

Question 67

what is sensorineural deafness

Answer 67

damage to cochlea auditory nerve or nerve pathways

Question 68

what can cause sensorineural deafness

Answer 68

it can be caused by long term exposure to very loud sounds such as factory noise, loud music, or explosions - it can also be caused by CNS tumors brain damage resulting from a stroke and use of certain drugs