Exam 3 General Review Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
upper motor neuron signs
A
spasticity, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, paralysis/paresis, muscle atrophy
2
Q
lower motor neuron signs
A
flaccidity, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, paralysis/paresis, substantial muscle atrophy
3
Q
nerve that passes through carpal tunnel
A
median
4
Q
sensory distribution of median nerve
A
lateral 2/3 of palm and digits 1-4
5
Q
one cause of sciatica
A
piriformis syndrome
6
Q
neurotransmitter released by lower motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction
A
acetylcholine
7
Q
spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus
A
C5-T1
8
Q
diabetic sensory loss
A
stocking and glove distribution
9
Q
innervation to biceps brachii
A
musculocutaneous nerve
10
Q
innervation to triceps brachii
A
radial nerve
11
Q
innervation to deltoid
A
axillary
12
Q
innervation to brachialis
A
musculocutaneous
13
Q
innervation to flexor carpi radialis
A
median
14
Q
innervation to brachioradialis
A
radial
15
Q
innervation to teres minor
A
axillary
16
Q
innervation to extensor carpo ulnaris
A
radial
17
Q
innervation to serratus anterior
A
long thoracic
18
Q
innervation to latissimus dorsi
A
thoracodorsal
19
Q
innervation to diaphragm
A
phrenic
20
Q
innervation to coracobrachialis
A
musculocutaneous
21
Q
innervation to interossei
A
ulnar
22
Q
innervation to pollicis brevis
A
median
23
Q
innervation to infraspinatus
A
suprascapular
24
Q
innervation to rhomboids
A
dorsal scapular
25
innervation to pectoralis major
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
26
innervation to pronator teres
median
27
innervation to supinator
radial
28
innervation to flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar
29
innervation to flexor digitorum superficialis
median
30
innervation to extensor digiti minimi
radial
31
innervation to quadriceps femoris
femoral
32
innervation to biceps femoris, long head
sciatic
33
innervation to anterior tibialis
deep fibular
34
innervation to adductor longus
obturator
35
innervation to gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal
36
innervation to gluteus medius
superior gluteal
37
innervation to tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal
38
innervation to gastrocnemius
tibial
39
innervation to posterior tibialis
tibial
40
innervation to semitendinosus
sciatic
41
fastest conducting nerve fibers
myelinated, large
42
common cause of peripheral neuropathy
diabetes mellitus
43
cell bodies for sympathetic neurons found here
T1-L2
44
effect of sympathetic neurons causing constriction of blood vessels to a tissue or organ
function of the tissue or organ slows down
45
blood pressure response in autonomic dysreflexia
very high blood pressure
46
5 areas of brachial plexus
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches
47
pain and temperature sensations are carried by this tract
lateral spinothalamic
48
fine precise movements representation on brain
large representation
49
2-point discrimination, vibration and conscious proprioception are carried on this tract
dorsal columns
50
dermatome for C5
lateral epicondyle
51
dermatome for C6
proximal phalanx of thumb
52
dermatome for C7
dorsum of proximal phalanx of middle finger
53
dermatome for C8
dorsum of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
54
dermatome for T1
medial epicondyle
55
dermatome for L1
midpoint between ASIS and pubic crest
56
dermatome for L2
midpoint of anterior thigh
57
dermatome for L3
medial epicondyle of femur
58
dermatome for L4
medial malleolus
59
dermatome for L5
dorsum of foot between 2nd and 3rd toes
60
dermatome for S1
lateral malleolus
61
dermatome for S2
posterior knee (popliteal fossa)
62
C5 myotome
elbow flexors
63
C6 myotome
wrist extensors
64
C7 myotome
elbow extensors
65
C8 myotome
long finger flexors
66
T1 myotome
finger abductors
67
L2 myotome
hip flexors
68
L3 myotome
knee extensors
69
L4 myotome
dorsiflexors
70
L5 myotome
great toe extensors
71
S1 myotome
plantar flexors
72
cell bodies for parasympathetic neurons found here
brainstem and sacral spinal cord
73
steps of a muscle contraction
LMN sends action potential to NMJ
Ach is released--binds to motor end plate
Binding allows sodium to flow into cell
Sodium influx depolarizes the muscle cell
Depolarization releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions trigger muscular contraction
74
effect of sympathetic system on heart
increases HR and strength of contraction
75
effect of sympathetic system on bronchi
airway dilation
76
effect of sympathetic system on digestive tract
decreases motility
77
effect of sympathetic system on sweat glands
increases sweating
78
effect of sympathetic system on salivary glands
thick saliva
79
effect of sympathetic system on systemic arterioles in skeletal muscle
vasodilation
80
effect of sympathetic system on systemic arterioles in skin
vasoconstriction
81
effect of sympathetic system on liver
increases blood sugar
82
effect of parasympathetic system on heart
decreases HR and strength of contraction
83
effect of parasympathetic system on bronchi
airway constriction
84
effect of parasympathetic system on digestive tract
increases motility and relaxation of sphincters; stimulates digestive glands
85
effect of parasympathetic system on sweat glands
no effect
86
effect of parasympathetic system on salivary glands
copious, watery saliva
87
effect of parasympathetic system on systemic arterioles
no effect
88
effect of parasympathetic system on liver
no effect
89
asymmetric, individual peripheral nerve involvement
multiple mononeuropathy
90
symmetrical peripheral nerve involvement of multiple nerves, usually secondary to disease (DM most commonly)
polyneuropathy
91
neurapraxia
mild pressure injury most commonly
damages myelin but not axon
rapid recovery (4-6 wks)
pain, numbness, decreased proprioception
92
reversible nerve injury, damages axons but axon remains in close anatomical relationship, crush/traction/compression, Wallerian degeneration
axonotmesis
93
most severe peripheral nerve injury, severed-stretch or laceration, irreversible-may surg re-attach-- proximal recovery first, sensory before motor
neurotmesis
94
nerves that can regenerate if injured
peripheral
95
nerves that regenerate poorly after injury
CNS nerves
96
location of somatosensory neuron cell bodies
dorsal root ganglion
97
A result of overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system
chronic hypertension
98
location of body's thermostat; sends signals to sweat glands via central autonomic fibers
hypothalamus
99
autonomic dysreflexia S/S
pounding headache, flushing of skin and sweating above level of injury; continually INCREASING blood pressure, DECREASED heart rate
100
bronchodilator commonly prescribed to patients with asthma
Beta-2 agonists (stimulate B-2
receptors to cause relaxation)
101
tract that conveys unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum; important for balance and posture
spinocerebellar
102
optic chiasm lesion sign
tunnel vision
103
optic tract lesion sign
hemianopsia
104
optic nerve lesion sign
decreased vision in 1 eye
105
Caused by otoconia (“ear rocks”) falling into semicircular canals; causes vertigo
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
106
damage affects contralateral lower motor neurons
lateral corticospinal tract
107
damage affects ipsilateral lower motor neurons
anterior corticospinal tract
108
Damage to the dorsal reticulospinal tracts
spasticity, hypertonicity
109
allows brain to increase or decrease muscle tone
UMN gamma loop
110
damage to cerebellum may result in
ataxia, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor, poor coordination and balance, hypermetria
111
ALS S/S
flaccid paralysis, spastic paralysis, respiratory muscle paralysis
