Exam 3 Lecture 1

Question 1

define competition:

Answer 1

direct interaction
interaction between organisms, populations, or species, in which birth, growth and death depend on gaining a share of a limited environmental resource.

Question 2

define predation:

Answer 2

direct interaction:

negative or positive interaction between two species, including competition, predation, herbivory, and mutualism, that occurs without the involvement of an intermediary species.

Question 3

define herbivory:

Answer 3

direct interaction

negative or positive interaction between two species, including competition, predation, herbivory, and mutualism, that occurs without the involvement of an intermediary species.

Question 4

define parasitism:

Answer 4

realized niche the actual niche of a species whose distribution is restricted by biotic interactions such as competition, predation, disease, and parasitism

Question 5

define Commensalism:

Answer 5

an interaction between two species in which one species is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.

Question 6

define indirect commensalism

Answer 6

an interaction in which one species benefits another species indirectly, through an intermediary species, without itself being helped or harmed.

Question 7

define Amensalism:

Answer 7

any relationship between organisms of different species in which one organism is inhibited or destroyed while the other organism remains unaffected.

Question 8

define Mutualism:

Answer 8

interactions between individuals of different species that benefit both partners. (

Question 9

What’s this?

Answer 9

Nectar Robbing

Parasitism

Question 10

What isn’t a bee and nectar robs?

Answer 10

shit-nosed hummingbirds

Question 11

Even though the bird doesn’t eat the bush it still affects the bush _____
name the relationship

Answer 11

Mutualism

Question 12

Answer 12

The water lily absorbs sunlight before anything beneath it can.

That’s exploitation competiton

Question 13

_________can influence population distribution and abundance

Answer 13

Intraspecific

competition

Question 14

This example was ____

Answer 14

Exploitation competiton

(direct)

Question 15

Intraspecific competion through direct interaction between individuals

Answer 15

Example: Absorbing Sunlight

Question 16

In exploitation competition

Answer 16

organisms use up resources directly. Once used, the resource is no longer available for other species to use.

Question 17

In interference competition,

Answer 17

one organism prevents other organisms from using the resource. Interference competition can occur, particularly where the resource is “patchy” - only occurring in discrete patches - and thus able to be defended.

Question 18

Define Self-thinning

Answer 18

The progressive decline in density which accompanies and interacts with the increasing size of individuals in a population of growing individuals.

Question 19

What do these data model?

Answer 19

Question 20

What does N/K also represent?

Answer 20

Question 21

What Suggests that more than one species cannot occupy the same niche?

Answer 21

Competative Exclusion Principle!

Question 22

What is the result of overlapping niches

Answer 22

Competitive Exclusion

Question 23

Competitive exclusion principle

Differences in the _________ of different species

cause their…..

Answer 23

competitive ability,

abundances to diverge over time

Question 24

Competitive exclusion principle

One species _____________while the other_________

Answer 24

becomes more common,

becomes less common –> excluded

Question 25

Competitive exclusion principle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ determines the time it takes for one species to be excluded

Answer 25

The difference in abilities

Question 26

This experiment demonstrates the

Answer 26

Competative Exclusion Principle with mouse niches.

Question 27

How is species diversity maintained despite the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 27

Resource Partitioning

Question 28

How can these two genea of arctic plants coexist?

Answer 28

By using different sources of nitrogen!

Question 29

define Interspecific competition:

Answer 29

Competition between individuals of different species.

Question 30

Intraspecific competition

Answer 30

Competition between individuals of the same species.

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Explain this:

Answer 33

Individuals of each species *_limit their own population growth_* **more than** they *_limit the growth of their competitors_*

Question 34

Population growth of any given species is limied by

Answer 34

intraspecific competition

Question 35

indirect interaction

Answer 35

negative or positive interaction between two species, including trophic cascades, apparent competition, and indirect mutualism or commensalism, that **is mediated through a third species.**