Exam 3 Lecture 3

Question 1

Characterizing

commensalisms & amensalisms

Answer 1

Positive or negative effects to one species are

neutral for other species

Question 2

Examples of

Commensalism and amensalism

Answer 2

–Transport

–Shelter

Question 3

In order for a mutualism to be maintained, thebenefits gained must……..

Answer 3

outweigh the costs for all

participating species

Question 4

If the “neutral party” in a commensal relationshipincurs any additional costs,

Answer 4

the relationship

becomes exploitation

Question 5

If the “neutral party” in a commensal relationshipincurs additional benefits,

Answer 5

the relationship

becomes mutualistic

Question 6

This balance can change dynamically and

depends….

Answer 6

on environmental conditions

Question 7

Amensalism may be the end results of…….

that occurred due to…….

Answer 7

Amensalism may be the end results of natural selection that occurred due to historical competition

Question 8

_________

is a natural by-product of some

bacteria that inhibits growth of other bacteria

Answer 8

Penicillin

is a natural by-product of some

bacteria that inhibits growth of other bacteria

Question 9

Some_______

naturally produce chemicals that

inhibit the growth of other trees

Answer 9

Some trees

naturally produce chemicals that

inhibit the growth of other trees

Question 10

Amensalism has

no added _________, relative to

_______

Answer 10

Amensalism has

no added cost to the producer_, relative to_

the effect on the competitor

Question 11

___________supply ____________ to plants

in exchange for ________

(photosynthesis products)

Answer 11

mycorrhizal fungi supply inorganic nutrients to plants

in exchange for carbohyrdates

(photosynthesis

products)

Question 12

If the mycorrhizae receive __________

but do not provide enough __________

the relationship may become______

Answer 12

If the mycorrhizae receive photosynthetic product

(a cost to the plant),

but do not provide enough inorganic nutrients

(benefits)

to outweigh this cost,

the relationship may become parasitic

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

What’s the difference between these two species of lichen?

Answer 16

Yeast levels

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 19

Mutualism with humans

Answer 19

Honeyguides!

Question 20

Answer 20

To make sure that the honeyguides didn’t respond to just any old sound

Question 21

What is an example of how

Answer 21

Coral Reefs

Question 22

obligate mutualism

Answer 22

a mutualistic relationship in which species are so dependent upon the relationship that they cannot live in its absence.

Question 23

facultative mutualism

Answer 23

a mutualistic relationship between two species that is not required for the survival of the two species

Question 24

generalist

Answer 24

able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions

and

can make use of a variety of different resources

Question 25

specialists

Answer 25

can thrive only in a **narrow range** of environmental conditions or has **a limited diet.**

Question 26

characterizing mutualism

Answer 26

dependency --facultative or obligate-- specificity --specialists or generalists-- physical association --how close species are--

Question 27

Describe the Devil's garden

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

What happened to the non-host plant?

Answer 34