Exam 3 Lower Limb

Question 1

Nerve roots of iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn

Answer 1

VPR L1

Question 2

Nerve roots of lateral femoral cutaneous

Answer 2

VPR L2-L3

Question 3

Nerve roots of femoral n

Answer 3

Posterior divisions of VPR L2-4

Question 4

Nerve roots of the genitofemoral n

Answer 4

VPR L1-2

Question 5

Nerve roots of obturator n

Answer 5

Anterior divisions of VPR L2-4

Question 6

Nerve roots of lumbosacral trunk

Answer 6

VPR L4-5

Question 7

Nerve roots of superior gluteal n

Answer 7

Posterior divisions of L4-S1

Question 8

Nerve roots of inferior gluteal n

Answer 8

Posterior divisions of VPR L5-S2

Question 9

Nerve roots of the posterior femoral cutaneous n

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior divisions of VPR S1-3

Question 10

Nerve roots of sciatic nerve

Answer 10

Anterior and posterior division of VPR L4-S3

Question 11

Nerve roots of Pudendal n

Answer 11

Anterior divisions VPR S2-4

Question 12

Nerve root of nerve to quadratus

Answer 12

Anterior divisions of VPR L4-S1

Question 13

Nerve root of the nerve to obturator internus

Answer 13

Posterior divisions of VPR L5-S2

Question 14

What are symptoms of a fracture to the femoral neck

Answer 14

Limb laterally rotated and shortened

Question 15

What is a possible result of a fracture to the femoral neck

Answer 15

Proximal avascular necrosis due to disruption of blood supply from medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 16

What is the locational difference between a intertrochanteric fracture and a fracture of the femoral neck

Answer 16

Intertrochanteric: extracapsular
Femoral neck: intracapsular
Location and availability of blood supply due to location dramatically changes healing time

Question 17

What is the result of a posterior dislocation of the hip joint

Answer 17

Possible injury to sciatic nerve:
paralysis of hamstrings and everything distal to knee
Loss of sensation over postolateral leg and most of foot

Question 18

What is the result of a anterior dislocation of the hip joint

Answer 18

My damage femoral nerve:
Paralysis of sartorius and quads
Loss of sensation to medial leg and foot

Question 19

What is the result of an injury to the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 19

Gluteal Gait: weakened ABD and MR of thigh listing of body and limb becomes “too long” and patient is unable to walk with foot clearing the ground
Positive Trendelenburg test

Question 20

What is the result of an injury to the sciatic n in the gluteal region

Answer 20

Usually damaged on the medial side
Compression: pain radiating from buttock down leg
Complete lesion: leg basically becomes useless, only able to use muscles supplied by the saphenous n

Question 21

What is an intermittent claudication

Answer 21

Blockage of femoral, popliteal, or posterior tibial artery

Causes ischemia to muscles during exercise

Question 22

What is the result of an injury to the femoral nerve

Answer 22

Weakened flexion of thigh, loss of leg extension, loss of sensation to medial thigh
Difficulty walking up uphill or stairs

Question 23

Where are femoral hernias most likely to occur

Answer 23

Protrudes through femoral ring into the femoral canal compressing everything

Question 24

What are symptoms of a torn hamstring

Answer 24

Extreme pain, bruising and tearing of muscle tissue, usually the semimembronosus

Question 25

What likely will be injured with a blow to the lateral side of an extended knee

Answer 25

The "unhappy triad" Ruptured TCL concomitant tearing of medial meniscus Tearing of ACL

Question 26

Which direction does the tibia slide after a tear of the ACL

Answer 26

Tibia is free to slide anteriorly under fixed femur

Question 27

Which direction does the tibia move with a PCL tear.

Answer 27

Tibia is free to slide posterior under fixed femur

Question 28

What is Q-angle in the knee

Answer 28

Femur diagonal in thigh, while tibia is almost vertical in leg

Question 29

What is genu varum

Answer 29

Bowleg | Small q angle

Question 30

What is genu valgum

Answer 30

Knock knee | Large q angle

Question 31

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 31

Increased pressure in confined anatomical spaces effects circulation

Question 32

What is a tibialis anterior strain

Answer 32

Shin splints | Result from repetitive micro trauma to to tibialis anterior m causing small tears to periosteum

Question 33

What is the result of an injury to the deep fibulae nerve

Answer 33

Know as ski boot syndrome High lesion: dorsiflexion, inversion, and sensory loss to 1-2 toes Low lesion: pain in dorsum of foot, and sensory loss to 1-2 toes

Question 34

What can cause a fracture of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 34

Sudden violent inversion of ankle, causes fibulae is brevis to fracture or avulse 5th metatarsal

Question 35

What is the result of an injury to the superficial fibular nerve

Answer 35

Weakened eversion (foot would invert with dorsiflexion) and sensory loss over anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot Caused by chronic ankle sprains that stretch the nerve

Question 36

What are the results of a calcaneal tendon rupture

Answer 36

Inability to plantarflex against resistance

Question 37

What are the results of a injury to the tibia n in the popliteal fossa

Answer 37

Paralyzes flexors in leg Paralyzes intrinsic muscles of plantar foot Sensation to sole of foot is lost

Question 38

What is the result of an injury to the tibial n at the ankle

Answer 38

Loss of intrinsic muscles of plantar foot | Loss of sensation over sole of foot

Question 39

What is the result of an injury to the common fibular n

Answer 39

Flaccid paralysis of all muscles anterior and lateral compartments of the leg Foot drop: Loss of dorsiflexion Limb becomes "too long"

Question 40

What are the three gaits associated with a injury to the common fibular n

Answer 40

Steppage gait Waddling gait Swing out gait

Question 41

What is the cause of varicose veins

Answer 41

Valves become damaged, and no longer function properly causing veins to be dilated thick and rope like

Question 42

What is the result of an ankle sprain

Answer 42

Anterior talofibular l. most commonly torn Severe sprain may injure calcaneofibular l. May also fracture the lateral malleolus

Question 43

What is the name for and result of a ankle dislocation fracture

Answer 43

Potts fracture Avulses medial malleolus, causes talus to move lateral shearing off lateral malleolus or breaks fibula. Posterior margin of tibia is also sheared off by talus Trimalleolar fracture

Question 44

What is pes planus

Answer 44

Flat feet, disappearance of medial longitudinal arch