Exam 3: Muscular System Flashcards by Kristyn Nicholson

Masseter

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: angle and ramus of the mandible

Action: raises of the mandible

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Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of the clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

Action: flexes the cervical vertebral column

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Trapezius

Origin: occipital bone and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Action: rotates, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula

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Levator scapulae

Origin: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

Insertion: vertebral border of the scapula

Action: elevates the scapula

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Pectoralis major

Origin: medial half of the clavicle and the sternum

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

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Latissimus dorsi

Origin: spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

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Deltoid

Origin: clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: abducts the arm

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Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: abducts the arm

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Infraspinatus

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus

Action: rotates the arm laterally

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Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: rotates the arm medially

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Biceps brachii (long head and short head)

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of the radius

Action: flexes the forearm and arm; supination of forearm

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Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads)

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and posterior surface of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of the ulna

Action: extends the forearm

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Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: flexes the hand

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Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: flexes the hand

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Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: extends the hand

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Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Insertion: 2nd metacarpal

Action: extends the hand

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Gluteus maximus

Origin: gluteal line of the ilium

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: extends and laterally rotates the thigh

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Iliacus

Part of iliopsoas

Origin: iliac crest of the ilium

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes the thigh

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Psoas major

Part of the iliopsoas

Origin: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes the thigh

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Adductor magnus

Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis and ischium

Insertion: linea aspera of the femur

Action: adducts the thigh

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Gracilis

Origin: pubic symphysis

Insertion: medial surface of the tibia

Action: adducts the thigh

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Sartorius

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Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial surface of the tibia

Action: flexes the thigh and leg

Rectus femoris

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Part of the quadriceps femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: tibial tuberosity of the tibia

Action: flexes the thigh and extends the leg

Vastus lateralis

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Part of the quadriceps femoris

Origin: greater trochanter of the femur

Insertion: tibial tuberosity of the tibia

Action: extends the leg

Biceps femoris (long and short head)

Part of the hamstring Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of the femur Insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia Action: flexes the leg and extends the thigh

Semimembranosis

Part of the hamstring Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: proximal end of the tibia Action: flexes the leg and extends the thigh

Tibialis anterior

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia Insertion: 1st metatarsal Action: dorsiflexes and extends the foot

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

Origin: medial and lateral condyles of the femur Insertion: calcaneus bone Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot

Iliotibial tract

From iliac crest to tibia Insertion for gluteus maximus

Ligamentum nuchae

Extends from the occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae Trapezius and splenius capitis attach to the nuchal ligament

Inguinal ligament

Runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Origin and insertion

First part of name indicates origin Second part of name indicates insertion

Origin

"Fixed end" End of muscle that doesn't move during contraction Proximal to insertion

Insertion

"Moving end" End of the muscle that DOES move during contraction Movement toward the origin

Muscle cells (fibers)

Organized in bundles (fascicles) Four patterns of fascicles: - parallel - convergent - pennate - circular

Parallel muscles

Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle Ex: biceps brachii

Convergent muscles

Broad area converges on attachment site (tendon, aponeurosis) Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation Ex: pectoralis muscles

Pennate muscles

Unipennate: - fibers on 1 side of tendon Ex: extensor digitorum Bipennate: - fibers on both sides of tendons Ex: Rectus femoris Multipennate: - tendon branches w/i muscle Ex: deltoid

Circular muscles

Also called sphincter Close and guard entrances of body Ex: orbicularis oris, papillary constrictor muscles (eyes)

Circular muscles and their antagonists

Orbicularis oris: closes mouth Levator labii superioris and zygomaticus: open mouth

Externus (superficialis)

Visible at body surface

Internus (profundus)

Deep muscles

Extrinsic

Muscles outside of an organ

Intrinsic

Muscles inside of an organ

Longus

Long

Longissimus

Longest

Teres

Long and round

Brevis

Short

Magnus

Large

Major

Larger

Maximus

Largest

Minor

Small

Minimus

Smallest

Temporalis

Origin: temporal bone Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible Action: raises the mandible

Exam 3: Muscular System Flashcards

(54 cards)