Exam 3 Non-Quizzies Flashcards
(67 cards)
what is the relationship between degrees of lateral curve deviation, axial rotation, and care?
- curves with 10-20 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation have scoliosis
- curves with 20-30 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation of 5 degrees require attention
- curves with 30-50 degrees of lateral deviation and a fixed angle of trunk rotation of 7 degrees require intervention as they have a 60% chance to worsen
- curves with greater than 50 degrees of lateral deviation have a 90% chance to worsen
what is the radiological test for skeletal maturity?
the Risser sign, an indication of bone maturity in the iliac apophysis
what is the genetic factor associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
an autosomal dominant factor that runs in families
what is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?
the greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen
what is the name given to segments that lie in the transition zones of the vertebral column?
transition vertebrae
how are specific segments within a transition zone identified?
by adjacent region of the segment, process of transition, and specific segment (occipitalization of C1)
what does the suffix “ization” refer to?
in the process of becoming like
what joint classification is present between the C2 odontoid process and centrum?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
what is os odontoideum?
a persistence beyond age 7 of the joint formed between the centrum and odontoid process centers of ossification
what is the classification of the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification?
amphiarthrosis synchondrosis
based on the age of appearance, how is the tip of the dens center of ossification classified?
secondary center of ossification
if the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?
terminal ossicle
what genetic patterns are suggested in dorsalization of C7?
chromosome karyotypes are abnormal, family inheritance patterns are common, it is associated with dominant inheritance pattern
do patients typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7?
no, they are typically asymptomatic
what is the usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies?
identify the vertebrae with ribs- they will be thoracics; those higher are cervicals, those lower are lumbars
what is characteristic of lumbarization of S1?
the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala
what is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2?
the segments do not completely fuse together
what articular facet changes accompany lumbarization of S1?
none
what articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5?
none
what is characteristic of coccygealization of S5?
the separation of S5 from sacrum and its’ premature fusion to Co1
what muscles are associated with the five layers of the true back?
1- trapezius and latissimus dorsi
2- rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
3- serratus posterior superior and inferior
4- erector spinae
5- transversospinalis
which of the muscles attaching to the scapula represent layer 1 of the true back?
trapezius
which of the muscles attaching to the scapula represent layer 2 of the true back?
levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor
which of the muscles attaching to the humerus represent layer 1 of the true back?
latissimus dorsi
