Exam 3 Non traditional design Flashcards
(12 cards)
difference between participant variables and quasi independent variables
- Participant variables are intended to document similarities and differences associated with social identities.
- Quasi-independent variables focus less on individual differences and more on potential interventions such as laws, media exposure, or education
nonequivalent control group posttest-only design
a quasi-experimental research method where a treatment is administered to one group, and the other group (the control group) does not receive the treatment. Both groups are then compared on a posttest, but there is no pretest to assess pre-existing group differences.
nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest design
a quasi-experimental approach where a treatment group and a control group are observed before (pretest) and after (posttest) a treatment or intervention, but the groups are not formed through random assignment, meaning they may have pre-existing differences
interrupted time-series design
involves measuring a variable over time, with an intervention or event occurring during the series. This design allows researchers to examine the impact of the intervention by comparing pre- and post-intervention trends in the data.
nonequivalent control group interrupted time-series design
A type of quasi-experimental research design that uses multiple measurements over time, before and after an intervention, in both a treatment group and a nonequivalent control group
similarities between quasi and correlational studies
Similarities:
* both may use independent-groups designs
* neither use random assignment or manipulated variables
Difference: in Quasi-Experiments, samples are selected more intentionally by either
* targeting groups with certain qualities (e.g., interested in cosmetic surgery)
* targeting particular time periods (e.g., after song released)
* seeking out comparison groups (e.g., states w/ less opioid laws)
quasi experiment internal validity selection effects
Differences between groups (treatment and comparison) prior to the intervention that could explain the observed outcomes.
ex: If participants in a treatment group are inherently more motivated or skilled than those in a comparison group, any observed improvement might be due to these pre-existing differences rather than the intervention
Quasi experiment internal validity design confounds
An extraneous variable that systematically varies with the independent variable (treatment) and could be the true cause of the observed effect.
ex: If a study compares a new teaching method with an existing method in two different schools, and one school has more resources or a better teacher, the observed difference in student performance might be due to these confounding factors rather than the new method
quasi experiment internal validity maturation threat
Changes in participants over time that could explain the observed outcomes.
ex: In a study on learning a new skill, participants might improve over time simply due to practice and experience, even without the intervention, making it difficult to isolate the effect of the intervention
quasi experiment internal validity history threat
External events or happenings occurring during the study that could explain the observed outcomes.
ex: If a study on student performance is conducted during a period of significant school reform, any observed changes in student performance might be due to the reform rather than the intervention being studied.
quasi experiment internal validity regression to the mean
The tendency for extreme scores to regress towards the average on a second measurement, even without an intervention.
ex: If students are selected for a tutoring program based on their low test scores, they might improve on a subsequent test even without tutoring, simply because extreme scores tend to regress towards the average
quasi experiment internal validity demand characteristics and placebo effects
These threats relate to biases in how data is collected or the influence of participant expectations.
Ex: Participants might change their behavior due to demand characteristics (expecting to be helped) or placebo effects (believing that the intervention works).
