Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm > Exam 3 Part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a powder?

A

A single solid or a mix of solids in a finely divided state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of uses can powders do?

A

Internal or external uses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TF: powders have limited use in therapeutics

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are prepared agglomerates of powdered materials used for?

A

Medicinal value of content an dpharmaceutical purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of small particles?

A 
Particle Size
Shape
Angle of repose
Porosity
True and bulk volume
Apparent density 
Bulkiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are particle size determined?

A

Sieving
Microscopy
Other methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sieving?

A

Mechanical shaking through sieve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does microscopy use for particle size?

A

Use of grid background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some other methods of measuring particle size?

A 
Centrifugation
Permeation
Elutriation
Adsorption
Light Obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does particle size play a role in?

A

Stability
Drug Absorption
Side effects
Manufacturing aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two ways to get particle size reduction?

A

Communition

Levigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is communition?

A

Reducing the size of particles of solid substance to finer state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is used for communition/trituration in small scale?

A

Mortar and pestle

rougher the surface the finer the particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is used for large scale communition?

A

Mills

Pulverizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is used for small scale preparations of ointments and suspensions?

A

Levigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is levigation?

A

Reduction in particle and grittiness of added powders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does levigation use for tools?

A

Ointment tiles

Mortar and pestle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is step 1 of levigation?

A

Make a paste by adding insoluble powder and liquid (levigating agent- glycerin or mineral oil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is step 2 of levigation?

A

Add the paste to an ointment base and mix it to make it uniform on the ointment tile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the bulk volume of a powder?

A

True volume and the void (space between particles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the true volume?

A

Space occupied by powder without intramolecular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is porosity?

A

Measure of the void volume

Void x 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is void?

A

Vbulk-V/Vbulk

Space between particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three types of densities?

A

True density
Envelope Density
Bulk Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is true density?
The density of the powder without the void volume
26
What is envelope density?
Density of powder that includes pore volume but not inter particle space
27
What is bulk density?
Pore volume and intermolecular particle space
28
What is the angle of repose?
Used for estimating the flow properties of powders | The larger the angle the more interparticle friction (bad flow)
29
When are blending powders used?
When powdered substances are the be combined to form a uniform mixture
30
What are 4 ways of mixing powders?
Spatulation Trituration Sifting Tumbling
31
What is the geometric dilution method?
Small amount of potent substance with large amount of diluent Add equal powder and diluent until all used
32
What is segregation?
Undesirable separation of components in the bled caused by air entrapment (fluidization) and particle entrapment (dusting)
33
What amounts of powders do you mix with spatulation?
Small amounts with a spatula
34
What is trituration?
Comminute and mix with glass mortar and pestle
35
What kind of blending can not be used for potent drugs?
Sifting
36
What blending technique is thorough but time consuming?
Tumbling
37
What are the two types of medication powders?
Internal | External
38
What are the routes for internal medicated powders?
Inhalation for local effects | Orally packed for reconstitution
39
What is the route for external medicated powders?
Dusted on affected area from sifter container
40
What must external medicated powder containers have on it?
External use only label
41
What are advantages of internal uses for medicated particles?
Lowers the bulkiness | Can be mixed with soft foods or liquids
42
Disadvantages of medicated powers being used internally?
Undesirable taste
43
What are the two types of supplying powders?
Bulk and divided doses
44
What are bulk supplying powders used for?
Antacids, laxatives and external uses
45
What is done to divided dose supplying powders?
Weighed and block and divide
46
What are the different types of powders?
``` Bulk Oral Insufflations Inhalation Dusting Douche ```
47
What are insufflations?
Fine powders that go into the body cavities by mechanical means
48
What are bulk powders?
Reasonably dosed powders with inaccurate measuring devices and are sensitive to degradation (like protein powders)
49
What are inhalation powders?
Powders that are inhaled into the lungs | Advair discus
50
What are dusting powders?
Topical powder that is medicated, protectant, absorbent or coolant (Baby powder)
51
What is an oral powder?
Bulk or divided dosed powder with effervescent granules used for suspension (Asprin)
52
What are douche powders?
Added to solutions to increase portability Acidic powders (Arden's Powder)
53
How are wet granulations made?
A paste of moistened powder that is mixed through a sieve and spray dried
54
How are dry granulations made?
They are roller pressed then passed through a granulator and compressed into large tablets (SLUGS) then granulated
55
What are the 4 powders that require special handling?
Efflorescent powders Hygroscopic powders Deliquescent powders Pharmaceutical eutectic mixture
56
What are efflorescent powders?
Drugs that contain water of hydration that may be released when powders are manipulated or stirred under low humidity
57
What are hydroscopic powders?
Solid drugs that absorb moisture from air
58
What are deliquescent powders?
Hygroscopic powders that absorb sufficient moisture and dissolve and form solution
59
What is a pharmaceutical eutectic mixture?
2 or more solids that may liquify when intimately mixed at room temperature
60
What capsule size range is there for hard gelatin capsules?
000 to 5 | 1.4 mL to 0.13 mL
61
What kind of closures are found for hard gelatin capsules?
Conisnaps (snap together) | Capsule seals
62
What kind of formulations can be found in hard gel capsules?
``` Powder/granules Pellet Paste Capsules Tablets ```
63
How do you fill a hard gel capsule?
Manually with a mold like tablet molds
64
What are the formulations found in soft gelatin caps?
Liquid Pastes Powders Tablets
65
TF: Soft gel capsules have more moisture than hard gel capsules?
True
66
What do soft gel capsules have that hard gel capsules dont?
More moisture Preservatives like methyl and propyl parabens Hermetically seal
67
What are the blend defects for a tablet?
Flow (electrostatic charge of fine particles impede flow - measured by angle of repose) Segregation (separation due to size, shape, and density)
68
What are the three main types of tablet formation?
Direct compression Wet granulation Dry granulation
69
What kind of drugs can be formed through direct compression?
Ones that have good flow and good compressibility and are of medium dosing
70
What are the advantages of direct compression?
Simple Time effective Cost effective
71
What are the disadvantages to direct compression?
``` Segregation can occur Static charge (due to lack of moisture) ```
72
When would you use wet granulation for tablets?
When you want to densify materials, improve flow, improve compressibility and improve uniformity
73
What are the advantages of wet granulation?
Decrease fine particles (improve density) Decrease electrostatic charges (improve flow) Can process drugs susceptible to high shear
74
What are the disadvantages of wet granulation?
Multiple steps | Costly and timely
75
What kind of APIs cannot be used for wet granulation?
Heat and moisture sensitive APIs
76
When would you want to use dry granulation?
When you want to increase the density Improve the flow Improve the compressibility When you have a moisture sensitive API
77
What are the advantages of dry roller granulation?
Improve flow, compressibility, density, less timely and more cost effective
78
What are the disadvantages of dry granulation?
Cannot process drugs susceptible to high shear | Creates dust and fine particles
79
What does compression testing test for?
``` Tablet hardness Disintegration testing Friability (mechanical shock) Weight variation Content uniformity Assay of API ```
80
What are the three types of defects to tablet compression?
Capping Lamination Picking and sticking
81
What is capping?
Top of tablet broken
82
What is capping caused by?
Caused by trapped air on compression
83
What is lamination?
Layering of particles instead of bonding together
84
What is picking and sticking?
Logos, lettering, imprint codes are shaven off due to particles sticking to machinery
85
What are the types of tablets?
``` Compressed tablet Multi-compressed tablet Sugar coated Gelatin coated Film Coated Enteric Coated ```
86
What are compressed tablets?
Tablets of any shape and size that are scored or unscored all determined by punches used
87
What are multi-compressed tablets used for?
Overcoming incompatibilities Altering drug release Unique appearance (tablet within a tablet)
88
What are the advantages of sugar coated tablets?
Improve taste Protect formulation Easier for imprenting Improve the appearance
89
What are the disadvantages of sugar coated tablets?
Increase bulkiness | Difficult to coat tablet
90
What are the advantages of film coated tablets?
More durable due to a thin polymer coat Less time consuming to make Less bulky Can be designed to rupture at specific locations in the GI tract
91
What are gelatin coated tablets used for?
To make the dosage form smaller than when in the capsule Facilitate swallowing More tamper evident
92
What are enteric coated tablets used for?
Delayed release drugs | They pass through stomach unchanged
93
When are enteric coated tablets used for?
When stomach degrades API API is irritating to stomach lining Enhance absorption of drug

Pharm (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions