Exam 3 Practice Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
The enterocytes of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum absorb glucose by _____
A
- Symportation with sodium
2
Q
The space of Disse is between a _____
A
- Hepatocyte and an endothelial cell
3
Q
Kupffer cells are derived from _____
A
- Monocytes
4
Q
The Kupffer cells of the liver are located _____
A
- In the sinusoids
5
Q
Macrocortin inhibits the production of the precursor of _____
A
- Leukotriene
6
Q
C-peptide is a breakdown product of _____
A
- Proinsulin
7
Q
Parathyroid hormone stimulates _____
A
- Bone resorption by osteoclasts
8
Q
The thyroid hormone-secreting units of the thyroid gland are called _____
A
- Follicles
9
Q
The production of gonadotropin releasing hormone is inhibited by _____
A
- Testosterone
10
Q
Pro-opiomelacortin is the precursor of _____
A
- ACTH
11
Q
ADH is synthesized in the _____
A
- Hypothalamus
12
Q
Calcium phosphate concretions accumulate in the _____ as one ages
A
- Pineal
13
Q
Cholecystokinin causes the pancreas to secrete _____
A
- Digestive enzymes
14
Q
A renal corpuscle consists of _____
A
- A ball of interconnected capillaries
- Bowman’s capsule
- (both of the above)
15
Q
The glomerular basal lamina is _____ thick
A
- 300 nm
16
Q
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete _____
A
- Renin
17
Q
The distal convoluted tubule has a _____ epithelium
A
- Simple cuboidal
18
Q
Anti-diuretic hormone causes water to diffuse out of the filtrate in _____
A
- The cortical collecting tubule
19
Q
The acini of the pancreas secrete _____
A
- Trypsin
20
Q
Hepatocytes secrete bile directly into _____
A
- Bile canaliculi
21
Q
Bile _____
A
- Emulsifies triglycerides
22
Q
The distal convoluted tubule resorbs _____
A
- Sodium
23
Q
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule resorb _____
A
- Sodium
- Amino acids
- Glucose
- Potassium
- (all of the above)
24
Q
A portal tract almost always contains _____
A
- A hepatic arteriole
- Portal venule
- Bile ductile
- (all of the above)
25
Arteriolae rectae branch directly off the _____
- Efferent arterioles
26
The high osmotic pressure of the renal medulla is due to the resorption of ions by the _____
- Thick ascending limb of Henle
27
The juxtaglomerular cells are in contact with the _____
- Macula densa
28
Water usually returns to the tissue fluid from the glomerular filtrate in the _____
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Thin segment of the descending loop of Henle
- Medullary collecting tubule
29
The luminal surface of the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney has _____
- Microvilli
30
The gall bladder delivers bile in response to _____
- Cholecystokinin
31
The cholangiocytes at the ends of the intrahepatic bile ducts are the _____
- Ultimate liver stem cells
32
Hepatocytes get most of their nutrients by way of a _____
- Portal venule
33
Anti-diuretic hormone causes the transfer of _____ from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane of medullary collecting tubule cells
- Aquaporin 2
34
The thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle uses sodium ions to symport _____
- K+
| - Cl-
35
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by _____
- Endothelial cells
36
The principal function of Kupffer cells is _____
- Phagocytosis
37
Cholecystokinin stimulates _____
- Secretion by pancreatic acini
38
The glomerular capillaries are separated from the podocytes by _____
- A reticular lamina between 2 basal laminae
39
The action of renin on its substrate results in _____
- A rise in systemic blood pressure
40
The epithelium of the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle allows _____ to pass from the filtrate into the tissue fluid
- Water
41
The osmotic pressure of tissue fluid in the inner medulla of the kidney is _____ than the osmotic pressure of normal tissue fluid
- Much higher
42
The macula densa is at the end of the _____
- Thin segment of the loop of Henle
43
The urinary bladder is lined by _____
- Transitional epithelium
44
The central feature of a classical liver lobule is a _____
- Centrilobular vein
45
Hepatocytes store _____
- Glycogen
46
Anti-diuretic hormone causes water to diffuse out of the filtrate in the _____
- Medullary collecting duct
47
Aldosterone causes the cortical collecting tubule to resorb _____
- Sodium
48
The gall bladder stores _____
- Bile
49
Kupffer cells are _____ cells
- Phagocytotic
50
All of the liver tissue drained by one centrilobular vein is a _____
- Classical lobule
51
The enterocytes of the colon absorb _____
- Water
52
Angiotensin is converted to angiotensin I by _____
- Renin
53
Aldosterone causes sodium resorption and potassium excretion in the _____
- Cortical collecting tubule
54
The innermost layer of muscle in the wall of the ureter is _____
- Longitudinal smooth muscle
55
Aldosterone is secreted by the _____
- Adrenal cortex
56
Parathyroid hormone _____
- Inhibits phosphate resorption by the proximal convoluted tubule
- Stimulates calcium resorption by the distal convolute tubule
- Stimulates osteoclastic activity
57
The intercalated ducts of the pancreas have a _____
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
58
An important feature of the luminal surface of the cells lining the uterine tube is _____
- Cilia
59
Except for cysteine residues, the amino acid chains of nail keratin are held together by _____
- Peptide bonds
60
Hyperprexia is a syndrome in which _____
- Body temperature is elevated
| - Sweating continues
61
The clear cells of the eccrine sweat glands produce sweat by primary active transport of _____
- Na+
62
The recovery of electrolytes from sweat depends on the _____
- Chloride channel of the coiled duct
63
The lamina propria of oral mucosa is _____
- Dense irregular connective tissue
64
_____ taste receptors dominate the back of the tongue
- Bitter
65
Striated ducts add _____ to the saliva
- Ca++
66
The crown of a tooth is a _____
- Thin covering of enamel over dentine
67
A normal esophagus never contains _____
- Goblet cells
68
The parasympathetic neurons that control the motility of the stomach are _____
- Deep in the submucosa
69
The parietal cells of the human stomach secrete _____
- Hydrochloric acid
- Intrinsic factor for B12 absorption
- (both of the above)
70
Alcohol dehydrogenase is found in hepatocytes and _____
- Gastric parietal cells
71
The majority of the cells in the epithelium of duodenal villi are _____
- Enterocytes
72
Paneth cells secrete _____
- Lysozyme
- Defensin
- (both of the above)
73
The lamina propria of the duodenum contains _____
- Lymphocytes
- Plasma cells
- Eosinophils
- (all of the above)
74
The enterocytes of the colon produce _____
- Vitamin K
75
An epithelium with a layer of small cuboidal cells in contact with the basement membrane and several layers of larger and larger cuboidal cells above them is a _____
- Transitional epithelium
76
The principal structure material of the lamina densa of a basement membrane is _____
- Collagen IV
77
The epidermis usually wears away _____
- One squame at a time
78
The mucus blanket covering the tracheal epithelium is moved upward primarily by _____
- Cilia
79
The mucus blanket covering the tracheal epithelium is produced by _____
- Goblet cells
80
The epithelium of the duodenal villi contains _____
- Goblet cells
81
The M-cells of the intestine transfer _____
- Antigens to a macrophage
82
The chief cells of the human stomach secrete _____
- Pepsin
83
The principal effect of ghrelin is to increase _____
- Appetite
84
The oral cavity usually receives mucus from the _____
- Sublingual salivary glands
- Submandibular salivary glands
- (both of the above)
85
Alveolar walls contain _____
- Capillaries
86
The treacheal rings are _____
- Hyaline cartilage
87
The trachealis muscle is actually several groups of _____ cells
- Smooth muscle
88
The principal source of IGF-1 in the skin is the _____
- Keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum
89
The blood supply of the epidermis is found in the _____
- Dermis
90
Nail keratin contains significantly more _____ than keratinocyte keratin
- Cysteine
91
The cells of the outer root sheath of a hair follicle _____
- Remain in place while the hair grows
92
Heat stroke is a syndrome in which _____
- Body temperature is elevated and sweating ceases
93
The dark cells of an eccrine sweat gland secret _____
- Defensins
| - Mucus
94
Milk delivery from mammary glands is stimulated by _____ from the neurohypophysis
- Oxytocin
95
The immune cells of simple columnar epithelia are usually _____
- T lymphocytes
96
Lingual tonsils are _____ in the lamina propria of the back of the tongue
- Lymph nodules
97
Enterokinase converts _____
- Trypsinogen to trypsin
98
Lysozyme destroys the _____
- Cell membranes of bacteria
99
Secretin stimulates secretion by _____
- Pancreatic ducts
100
The epithelium of the villi of the ileum contains _____
- Enterocytes
- Goblet cells
- (both of the above)
101
Vitamin B12 is normally absorbed in the _____
- ileum
102
Goblet cells secrete _____
- Mucus
103
Goblet cells are normally found in the _____
- Colon
104
The lamina propria of intestinal villi contains _____
- Macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Eosinophils
105
The recovery of cations from sweat is secondary to the recovery of Cl- by the _____
- Coiled duct
106
Apocrine sweat is expelled from the glands by _____
- Contraction of the myoepithelial cells
107
Sebaceous glands are _____ glands
- Holocrine
108
Many fungi (most notably those of athlete's foot) are killed by prolonged exposure to _____
- Odd-carbon fatty acids
109
Hair keratin is crosslinked by _____
- Disulfide bridges
110
A fingernail is made up of dead cells from the _____
- Nail matrix
111
Alkalies damage finger and toenails because they _____
- Hydrolyze peptide bonds
112
Multiplication in the stratum basale is stimulated by IGF-1 secreted by the _____
- Stratum granulosum
113
The keratinocytes of the stratum basale of the epidermin are attached to their basal lamina by _____
- Hemidesmosomes
114
The internal supports of cilia are composed of _____
- Tubulin
115
Human epithelia usually contain _____
- Free nerve endings
116
Langerhans cells are the antigen-presenting cells of _____
- Stratified squamous epithelia
117
The parietal cells of human females contain less _____ than those of human males
- Alcohol dehydrogenase
118
The myenteric plexus generates _____
- Gastrointestinal motility
119
The only salivary glands in which mucous cells are the overwhelming majority are the _____
- Sublingual glands
120
The cementum of a tooth should cover _____
- Only the root
121
The trachea has a _____ epithelium
- Pseudostratified columnar
122
The epithelium of a bronchiole usually contains _____
- Neuroendocrine
| - Ciliated cells
123
Type II pneumocytes secrete _____
- Phospholipids
124
The principal source of cell replacement in bronchioles is _____
- Division and differentiation of club cells
125
The human stomach is lined by a _____
- Simple columnar epithelium
126
Striated ducts are peculiar to _____
- (All) salivary glands
127
Umami is the taste sensation produced by _____
- Steak
128
The cells of the stratum granulosum get their oxygen supply from the _____
- Air
129
Langerhans cells are usually found in the stratum _____
- Spinosum
130
The dead cells of the stratum corneum are called _____
- Squames
131
Thick skin always has a thicker _____ than thin skin
- Epidermis
132
Almost all of the cell division in the epidermis takes place in the _____
- Stratum basale
133
One side or the other of the nasal antrum is normally blocked by _____
- Swelling of swell bodies in the lamina propria of the antrum
134
Vitamin B12 can be absorbed only if gastric parietal cells secrete _____
- Intrinsic factor
135
The rugae of the stomach are longitudinal folds of the mucosa
- Longitudinal folds of the mucosa
136
Acclimatization of the coiled duct of an eccrine sweat gland requires _____
- A week
| - 8 days
137
The bacteria that produce adult human body odor live primarily on _____
- Apocrine sweat
138
One of the few natural sources of odd-carbon fatty acids is _____
- Sebum
139
Manicurists refer to the eponychium as the _____
- Cuticle
140
The function of gap junctions is to
- Allow the passage of small ions from one cell to another
141
The most notable feature of a tight junction is that _____
- It does not allow the passage of liquids or solutes
142
Human epithelia usually contain _____
- Hormone secreting cells
143
Esophageal mucous glands are located _____
- In the submucosa
144
The cells of a simple epithelium always make _____
- Basal lamina
145
Most of the plasma cells under mucous membranes secrete _____
- IgA
146
The secretion of gastric mucous is most strongly stimulated by _____
- Prostaglandin E2
147
The epithelium of a bronchiole contains _____
- Ciliated cells
- Neuroendocrine cells
- Club cells
- (all of the above)
148
Goblet cells are found in the _____
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Colon
- (all of the above)
149
Alveolar surfactant (like all surfactants) reduces the _____
- Surface tension of water
150
Tpypsinogen is converted to trypsin by enterokinase secreted by the _____
- Enterocytes of the duodenum
151
The principal reason that human milk keeps 4 times as long as infant formula is that _____
- Human milk contains lysozyme
152
The blood supply of a lymph node _____
- Comes from an arteriole
153
The cells of the surface layer of a transition epithelium are _____ the cells of the basal layer
- Larger than
154
A basement membrane is almost always composed of just _____
- Just an epithelium and a reticular layer
155
Pain endings are found _____
- NOT above the stratum spinosum
156
Light-colored skin is due to a deficiency of _____
- MSH
157
Antigen-presenting cells are found in the _____
- Stratum spinosum
| - Dermis
158
Merkl cells are sensors for _____
- Light touch
159
In which layer of the skin do lamellar bodies of phosholipid appear?
- Stratum granulosum
160
The Corpuscles of Meissner are encapsulated nerve endings for _____
- Light touch
161
Corpuscles of Pacini are usually found in the _____
- Reticular dermis
162
A gland whose secretion is its own cells is _____
- Holocrine
163
A healthy epithelium is always separated from CT by a _____
- Basement membrane
164
“Stratum Germinativum” is also termed _____
- Stratum basale
