Exam 3 Primates

Question 1

Primate Characteristics

Answer 1

1) Fur (body hair), 2) Long gestation followed by live birth, 3) Homeothermic, the ability to maintain a constant body temperatuer, 4) Increased brain size, 5) Capacity for learning and behavioral flexibility

Question 2

Arboreal

Answer 2

Small primates that live in trees

Question 3

Precision Grip vs Power Grip

Answer 3

Pencil = Precision

Baseball Bat = Power

Question 4

Quadrumanual (Think Orangutan)

Answer 4

slow deliberate climbing using all 4 limbs.

• hands and feet are used w equal efficiency and maybe considered interchangeable
• particular to orangs

Question 5

brachiation/Brachiator(only apes can do)

Answer 5

swinging by the arms from branch to branch

Question 6

Generalized Dentation (4 types)

Answer 6

incisors, canines, premolars & molars

Question 7

Teeth Number in anthropoids (humans apes &Old World Monkeys)

Answer 7

have 32 adult teeth some NWM have 36

Question 8

Canines

Answer 8

Pointed sharp teeth

Question 9

Nocturnal

Answer 9

Huge Eyes, less risk of predators

Question 10

Diurnal

Answer 10

Active During the day

Question 11

old world primates (anthropoids) have dental formula

Answer 11

2.1.2.3 incisor canine premolar molar

Question 12

Described primates sense of smell and the effect it has on the brain

Answer 12

REDUCED OLFACTION-decreased snout and reliance on vision.

Cause an expansion and increased complexity of the brain (neocortex)

Question 13

maturation of Primates

Answer 13

More efficient fetal nourishment, longer genstation, reduced number of offspring, delayed maturation, and longer life span.

Question 14

arboreal hypothesis?

Answer 14

The prehensile hand is adapted to climbing in the trees.

A variety of foods led to the omnivorous diet and generalized dentition.

Question 15

OWM

Answer 15

2.1.2.3

Question 16

NWM (LA Zip Code)

Answer 16

2.1.3.3

Question 17

Terrestrial Quadruped (walk on the ground on all 4)

Answer 17

• mostly macaques & baboons

- all limbs same length

Question 18

Lesser Apes

Answer 18

Gibbon and Siamangs

Question 19

Arboreal Quadrupeds (walk on all fours in trees)

Answer 19

forearms are slightly smaller

• long tails
• phalanges are longer than terrestrial quadrupeds
• grasping foot

Question 20

Tarsiers

Answer 20

-Prosimian
-Huge eyes
-no tooth comb
-small
-5 living species
S. Asia Islands

Question 21

Gorilla

Answer 21

Largest Living Primate

Question 22

haplorhines

Answer 22

don’t have rhinarium. have larger brains. fewer teeth, convergent eyes

Question 23

Background of Lorises

• location
• diurnal/nocturnal
• form of locomotion

Answer 23

• found on the mainland
• nocturnal
• quadrupedal (Walk on 4 Feet)

Question 24

traditional approach orders primates into two suborders

Answer 24

1.the Prosimii (prosimians, or lower primates) and the 2.Anthropoidea (anthropoids, or higher primates

Question 25

two types of anthropoids

Answer 25

platyrrhines (NWM) nostrils round and separated by wide septum. catarrhine- nostrils close together and pointed downward

Question 26

Anthropoids

Answer 26

Apes, Monkeys, Human's

Question 27

Orangutan (Where are they found)

Answer 27

- Borneo and Sumatra - arboreal - yes, sexual dimorphism is present (males are larger) - solitary - frugivorous (feed-eating)

Question 28

Orangutan (Where are they found)

Answer 28

- Borneo and Sumatra | - Quadromanual

Question 29

Who belongs to strepsirhines?

Answer 29

lemurs and lorises

Question 30

Name a group in which the dental formula differs and provide the formula.

Answer 30

Aye-ayes: 1.0.1.3/1.0.0.3

Question 31

What's Estrus Cycle?

Answer 31

Swelling of the women's reproduction organs.

Question 32

Most specialized part of human body?

Answer 32

Nails.

Question 33

Nuchal Crest

Answer 33

Keeps head up!

Question 34

Prognathism purpose

Answer 34

It has to do with the Human Jaw moving forward and positioning

Question 35

Cranial Capacity of an Ape?

Answer 35

399-500

Question 36

Genus and Species Human Belong to?

Answer 36

Homosapien (the "s" is lowercase)

Question 37

1) Kingdom; (2) Phylum or Division; (3) Class; (4) Order; (5) Family; (6) Genus; (7) Species.

Answer 37

King, Philip, Came, Over, For, Great, Soup!

Question 38

First Organism to live on land?

Answer 38

Amphibians

Question 39

Evolution of laying eggs?

Answer 39

Amniotic Eggs, Laying eggs on land

Question 40

Mammals?

Answer 40

Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine). Are endothermic. Also known as “warm-blooded,” endothermic animals regulate their own body temperate which allows them to live in almost every climate on Earth. Have hair on their bodies. Produce milk to feed their babies.

Question 41

Which primates have dental combs?

Answer 41

strepsirrhine primates, which include lemurs and lorisoid primates (collectively known as lemuriforms).

Question 42

Haplorini

Answer 42

Monkey, Apes, Humans All primates except Lorises and Lemurs

Question 43

Prosimians (Strepsirhines)

Answer 43

lemurs lorises galagos

Question 44

Anthropoids (Haplorhines)

Answer 44

monkeys and apes

Question 45

Strepsirhines

Answer 45

Have more more primitive traits than other primates Often lack one or more of the general characteristics of primates - like color vision some have a single claw on each hand/foot Rely more heavily on the sense of smell Smaller brains (relative to body size)

Question 46

Rhinarium

Answer 46

``` The naked, moist surface around the nostrils of most mammals (and all strepsirhines) Generally related to stronger olfactory senses “Wind detector” ```

Question 47

Tarsiers

Answer 47

``` In the “old” way (e.g., your book) Tarsiers are considered prosimians and are lumped with lemurs ❖ In the new way, they are considered haplorhines because they have MORE haplorhine traits than strepsirhine traits ```

Question 48

Monkey vs Apes

Answer 48

Monkeys have tails ❖ Apes and humans have no tails ❖ Monkeys are quadrepedal (all 4 legs are of equal size) ❖ Apes have longer arms; humans have longer legs