Final

Question 1

What’s the estrus cycle?

Answer 1

Swelling of the women’s reproduction organs.

Question 2

Nuchal Crest

Answer 2

Maintains Head up

Question 3

Prognathic

Answer 3

Allows the Jaw to move forward.

Question 4

Cranial Capacity of an Ape?

Answer 4

399-500

Question 5

First Organism to live on land?

Answer 5

Amphibians

Question 6

Evolution of laying eggs?

Answer 6

Amniotic Eggs, the laying of eggs on land

Question 7

Carol Linnaeus

Answer 7

Came up with Anatomical System for Classification, binomial nomenclature

Question 8

Charles Lyell

Answer 8

Uniformitarianism - geological process in the past is same as today and change is consistent or “uniform” over time. Although various aspects of the Earth’s surface vary over time the underlying processes that influence them are constant

Question 9

Radio Carbon Dating

Answer 9

Sample size, need to avoid cross contamination, limited to about 50,000 years, and changing C-14 ratios

Question 10

Neolithic

Answer 10

New Stone Age

Question 11

Jean Baptiste Lamark

Answer 11

Acquired Characteristics

Question 12

George Cuvier

Answer 12

Catastrophism - the theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events.

Question 13

George Mendal

Answer 13

Conducted Peas Experiment.
Recessive & Dominant
Basic Principle of Heredity

Question 14

Charles Darwin

Answer 14

Natural Selection

Origin of Species

Question 15

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 15

Contributed to Natural Selection/Origin of species

Question 16

What type of System is ABO?

Answer 16

Co-Dominant

Question 17

Gloger’s Rule

Answer 17

which states that within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments, e.g. near the equator.

Question 18

Vitamin C Synthesis

Answer 18

Melanin

Question 19

Genotype?

Answer 19

Genetic make up

Question 20

Homozygous

Answer 20

refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes
(ex. (xx) or (XX)

Question 21

Allele?

Answer 21

Alternate form of a gene.

Question 22

Allen’s Rule

Answer 22

warm-blooded animal species having distinct geographic populations, the limbs, ears, and other appendages of the animals living in cold climates tend to be shorter than in animals of the same species living in warm climates.

Question 23

Hemophilia

Answer 23

condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
X-Linked Recessive Trait

Question 24

Mutation?

Causes?

Answer 24

alterations of genetic material.
Drugs
Foods we eat
Environment

Question 25

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 25

each allele separates independently of each other, resulting in new combination's through sexual reproduction

Question 26

DNA?

Answer 26

double stranded molecule that carries genetic info. 2 linear sequencces of nucleotides, held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 27

What is Gene Flow

Answer 27

exchange of DNA between populations

Question 28

Genetic Drift?

Answer 28

random fluctuations in gene frequencies in a population. more significant in small populations, has opposite effecct of gene flow; increases variations between populations, but decreases it w/in populations

Question 29

The Hemoglobin S gene causes

Answer 29

Sickle Cell Anemia in humans

Question 30

Mitochrondrial DNA

Answer 30

mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother.

Question 31

Melanin?

Answer 31

Specialized Pigment largely responsible for skin, hair and eye color - Melanin absorbs light; More Melanin darker skin color ex. tanning - More melanin = darker hair and eyes - Albino = enzyme deficiency which produces little or no melanin

Question 32

Culture

Answer 32

Behavioral aspects of human adaptation, including technology, traditions, language, religion, marriage patterns, and social roles. Culture is a set of learned behaviors transmitted from one generation to the next by nonbiological (i.e., nongenetic) means.

Question 33

Half Life of Carbon 14

Answer 33

Roughly around 5,000 yrs

Question 34

Knuckle walkers?

Answer 34

Gorilla & Chimps

Question 35

Bipedalism

Answer 35

S-shaped vertebral column, balance of upper body over hips. Foramen magnum is "centered" at the base of the skull (cranium). Balance skull on top of vertebral column.

Question 36

Orangutans

Answer 36

Four hands - Quadrumanual | Solitary Animals

Question 37

Brachiation

Answer 37

Arm hanging and swinging, wide shoulders, long arms rel. to body size, full extension of elbow, full rotation of shoulder, wrist mobility, and long 2nd - 5th fingers.

Question 38

Amphibians

Answer 38

First vertebrates to live on land.

Question 39

Baboons

Answer 39

Sexual Dimorphism distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes of an animal Live in Savannas .

Question 40

Radio Carbon Dating

Answer 40

used to date materials up to about 50,000 - 70,000 years old and dates are given in years before present (yBP) Invented by Willard Libby

Question 41

Absolute Dating

Answer 41

dating methods that give specific ages, years, or ranges of years for objects or sites

Question 42

Chronometric Dating

Answer 42

techniques that estimate the age of an object in absolute terms through the use of a natural clock such as radioactive decay or tree ring growth.

Question 43

Largest Primate?

Answer 43

Gorilla

Question 44

australopithecus cranial capacity

Answer 44

Approximately 400

Question 45

Lucy?

Answer 45

female of the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis. In Ethiopia, the assembly is also known as Dinkinesh

Question 46

Humans

Answer 46

Are primates cranial capacity is a measure of brain size or volume Modern humans average brain size- 1325 cc Early Homo- 631cc

Question 47

homo erectus

Answer 47

1.8-0.9 Mya found throughout Africa and Asia first species to be found outside of Africa

Question 48

Neanderthal Characteristics

Answer 48

generally shorter and had more robust skeletons and muscular bodies brain size was larger than the average modern human skull was long and low w/ a rounded brain case occipital bun and retromolar space

Question 49

Prognathism

Answer 49

the positional relationship of the mandible where either of the jaws protrudes maxillary- upper mandible- lower

Question 50

Sagital Crest

Answer 50

Bony projection on top of the cranium for attachment of chewing muscles.

Question 51

Nuchal Crest

Answer 51

Attachment at the back of the skull for attachment of neck muscles.

Question 52

When did hominin leave Africa?

Answer 52

around 2 Million years ago

Question 53

Mousterian

Answer 53

associated with neanderthals stone tool culture using the Lavellois technique (small marginal flaking to create edges and detaching cutting/scraping tool from core of flint) -during middle paleolithic (300-30 kya), neanderthals associated with mousterian -during upper paleolithic, associated with modern homo sapiens tools

Question 54

Prehensile Tails

Answer 54

ability to swing by tails | found only in Cebidae family

Question 55

Feature that define primates

Answer 55

``` Opposable Thumb and Big Toe. Pentadactyly Flat Nails Tactile Pads Olfactory Apparatus Reduced Stereosocpic Vision Binocular Vision Slow Reproductive Rate Large Brain Post orbital bar ```

Question 56

Primate Dental Formuals

Answer 56

Humans 2123 NWM- Callitrichidae 2132 NWM - Cebidae 2133 OWM &Apes 2123

Question 57

Japanese Macaques

Answer 57

- lives near water - can swim - prefer to eat plant that grows near water - sit in hotspring ex. jap would give them a potato and they would go and wash off in the sea to get salty flavor.