Exam 3 questions

Question 1

an exotic species is a non-native organism that is introduced into an

Answer 1

ecosystem out of its native range and establishes as part of the community and competes for a particular niche

Question 2

exotic species take advantage of

Answer 2

resources

Question 3

exotic species outcompete

Answer 3

native species for resources

Question 4

exotic species prevent

Answer 4

access to resources for some species

Question 5

exotic species take advantage of

Answer 5

lack of predators, natural diseases that would otherwise control population

Question 6

exotic species introduce

Answer 6

disease and pests

Question 7

pro of utilitarian view: acknowledges the

Answer 7

necessary human use of nature

Question 8

con of utilitarian view: may result in the loss of

Answer 8

the cultural, aesthetic, and functional roles wilderness plays

Question 9

pro of intrinsic view: minimization of

Answer 9

human impacts

Question 10

con of intrinsic view: limits the meaningful role

Answer 10

humans may play in their ecological surroundings

Question 11

con of intrinsic view: led to the physical displacement of

Answer 11

native peoples from newly designated nature reserves

Question 12

the tree in the garden argument: a humanized wilderness

Answer 12

does not have the same connectedness of a wild and untouched wilderness

Question 13

the pragmatic argument: we should focus on conservation and

Answer 13

developing criteria to evaluate human impacts and prevent further degradation

Question 14

the baseline argument: wild areas are models for ecological restoration and should be preserved in as rare a state as possible as reference conditions

Answer 14

should be preserved in as rare a state as possible as reference conditions

Question 15

the species-area argument: we need large wilderness areas to protect biodiversity because

Answer 15

large lands are essential for some species and small tracts are unable to support disturbance regimes, habitats, and resources for these species

Question 16

The Wilderness Act of 1964 was signed by —–, to create a legal definition of —–, created the —–, managed by —–

Answer 16

LBJ
Wilderness
NWPS
Government agencies like NPS, FWS, NFS, BLM

Question 17

this eliminates human impacts altogether

Answer 17

preservation

Question 18

this regulates human use

Answer 18

conservation

Question 19

values are beliefs and ideas that inform assessments of

Answer 19

worth and which are, by definition, socially contructed

Question 20

natural sacred sites are protected on basis of

Answer 20

religious or spiritual grounds

Question 21

resource and game reserves are protected on basis of

Answer 21

rational resource planning

Question 22

country, state, and city parks are protected in basis of

Answer 22

rec recreational, social, and health benefits for urban dwellers

Question 23

nature monuments and nature preserves are protected for scientific endeavors, improvement through

Answer 23

nature education, exercise, and recreation

Question 24

wildlife sanctuaries and refuges are supported by the value that

Answer 24

humanity has a moral responsibility to save threatened life forms

Question 25

national parks were created for

Answer 25

national pride and unity

Question 26

wilderness areas were conceived by

Answer 26

the Sierra Club and Wilderness society

Question 27

community conservation areas are made for the use of

Answer 27

the community

Question 28

conservation easements and privately owned lands are valuable for protecting

Answer 28

low-impacted lands, migration routes, expanding total area of protected lands, connectivity, water quality buffers

Question 29

conservation biogeography: preserve species distributions and in doing so

Answer 29

preserve the ecological and evolutionary processes required to conserve diversity, as well the natural character of nature

Question 30

representation: all biological features

Answer 30

across a range of environmental conditions should be represented in a system

Question 31

redundant: representation of

Answer 31

multiple populations or examples of the features of interest

Question 32

resilience: ecosystem occurrences must be of sufficient quality to

Answer 32

provide for long-term persistence capacity of a system to resist damage and recover from a disturbance

Question 33

large reserve advantage: smaller

Answer 33

edge to interior ration

Question 34

large reserve advantage: greater

Answer 34

habitat diversity | potential to support more species

Question 35

large reserve advantage: more

Answer 35

wide-ranging low density species and individual | complete trophic interactions

Question 36

large reserve advantage: lower extinction rates and less

Answer 36

required interference or maintenance

Question 37

several small advantages: better habitat

Answer 37

quality

Question 38

several small advantages: more populations of

Answer 38

rare or target species

Question 39

several small advantages: lower risk of

Answer 39

major infestations or catastrophic events

Question 40

several small advantages: lower

Answer 40

acquisition costs

Question 41

several small advantages: easier

Answer 41

to understand and describe, easier access

Question 42

wilderness areas occur in the US,

Answer 42

new Zealand, Australia, Canada, South Africa

Question 43

better shapes of preserves:

Answer 43

single large, circular, clumped, connected

Question 44

GAP finds

Answer 44

representation gaps, ecological gaps, management gapd