Exam 3 Review

Question 1

Mechanisms of drug resistance

Answer 1

1. Synthesis of enzymes that inactivate the drug
2. Decrease permeability to drug
3. Activation of drug pumps
4. Change target sites of drugs
5. Chant metabolic pathways

Question 2

What are the methods of transferring drug resistance?

Answer 2

Transformation - uptake of naked DNA
Conjugation - pili transfers fertility factor
Transduction - viral transfer

Question 3

What is NASA’s definition of life?

Answer 3

“A self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution”

Question 4

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

Answer 4

1. Organized
2. Homeostasis
3. Reproduction
4. Growth and development
5. Take energy and matter form environment
6. Respond to stimuli
7. Adaptation

Question 5

Steps of infection of a viral particle

Answer 5

1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Release of viral genetic material into cell
4. Replication of genetic material and protein synthesis
5. Assemble viral particle
6. Release of viral particle

Question 6

What are the effects of viruses on cells?

Answer 6

• cell destruction
• cell alteration
• cellular transformation

Question 7

What type of genetic material and covering does the Poxviridae family have?

Answer 7

dsDNA

enveloped

Question 8

What type of genetic material and covering does the Herpesviridae family have?

Answer 8

dsDNA

Enveloped

Question 9

What families of viruses have dsDNA?

Answer 9

Poxviridae
Herpesviridae
Adenoviridae
Papovaviridae

Question 10

What family of viruses does Common cold, Gastroenteritis, and Conjunctivitis belong to?

Answer 10

Adenoviridae