Exam 3 Review

Question 1

If ^G0 (free energy) is negative, the reaction is

Answer 1

exergonic and energy will be released

Question 2

The change in free energy for a particular reaction is most useful in determining

Answer 2

whether there will be a requirement or production of energy

Question 3

Activation energy is the energy

Answer 3

required for a chemical reaction

Question 4

The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is another name for

Answer 4

glycolysis

Question 5

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is

Answer 5

2

Question 6

The portion of an enzyme to which substrates bind is referred to as the

Answer 6

active site

Question 7

Which intermediate compound(s) in the citric acid cycle is/are often used for biosynthetic pathways as well as carbon catabolism?

Answer 7

a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and succinyl-CoA

Question 8

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy?

Answer 8

Fermentation

Question 9

In the electron transport chain how many ATP molecules are produced from each NADH during respiration?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

The Calvin cycle

Answer 10

-is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
-utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
-requires RuBisCO

Question 11

When 12 G3P molecules are formed in the Calvin cycle how many ATPs and NADPH molecules are used?

Answer 11

18 and 12

Question 12

The most important high-energy phosphate compound in living organisms is ___

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

Which 2 metabolic processes are most dissimilar?

Answer 13

Glycolysis and carbon fixation

Question 14

Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its

Answer 14

carbon source

Question 15

In photosynthesis, NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by

Answer 15

reduction reactions

Question 16

At some of the lowest light concentrations, _____ can still grow well due to their ______, which effectively harvest photons for energy.

Answer 16

green bacteria/ chlorosomes

Question 17

Two separate photosystems involved in electron flow is a hallmark of

Answer 17

oxygenic phototrophs

Question 18

The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.

Answer 18

Z

Question 19

The Calvin cycle

Answer 19

-uses CO2, NAD(P)H, and ATP to make biomass with RuBisCO

Question 20

The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of

Answer 20

chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll

Question 21

What reaction is classified as a heterofermentation?

Answer 21

Glucose lactate + ethanol + CO2 + H+

Question 22

In Bacteria, the most common oxidized form of nitrogen is _______ and of sulfur is _______

Answer 22

nitrate/sulfate

Question 23

What metabolism would be favored when there is a lack of electron acceptors?

Answer 23

Fermentation

Question 24

The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the ability to convert inorganic carbon into biomass and generate energy during this process.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Photosystem I is responsible for splitting a water molecule in the first step of oxygenic electron flow

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA gene sequences because

Answer 26

functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages

Question 27

What form of photosynthesis evolved first on Earth?

Answer 27

anoxygenic

Question 28

The only group of oxygenic phototrophic bacteria are the

Answer 28

Cyanobacteria

Question 29

Which group of bacteria would you expect to find in a shallow clear hot spring with high concentrations of geochemically produced hydrogen sulfide?

Answer 29

purple sulfur bacteria

Question 30

Considering the relationship between oxidizers and reducers, which of the following pairs of microorganisms are NOT likely to form close associations or consortia?

Answer 30

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducers

Question 31

Nitrogen fixation is

Answer 31

widespread among microorganisms

Question 32

Purple sulfur bacteria are

Answer 32

gammaproteobacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthesis

Question 33

Diazotrophs maximize nitrogenase activity by

Answer 33

producing specialized structures for fixing N2 at times when oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen

Question 34

Epibiotic predators

Answer 34

obtain nutrients by attaching to the surface of prey

Question 35

Spirilla and spirochetes are closely related bacteria that exhibit a unique corkscrew motility.

Answer 35

False