Exam 4 review

Question 1

Pathogenicity is the ability..

Answer 1

of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host

Question 2

What are the subunits of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Answer 2

O-specific polysaccharide
Lipid A
Core Polysaccharide

Question 3

Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes strains can produce _________ that cause the severe and sometimes life-threatening symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.

Answer 3

superantigen toxins

Question 4

Decalcification of the tooth enamel is caused by

Answer 4

lactic acid

Question 5

Tetanus toxin causes

Answer 5

muscles to be unable to relax

Question 6

Exotoxins are _______, but endotoxins are _______.

Answer 6

proteins
lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein complexes

Question 7

Salmonella species use _______ to facilitate attachment to gastrointestinal tissue.

Answer 7

Type I fimbriae

Question 8

Capsules are particularly important for

Answer 8

protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms

Question 9

The decrease of loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as ___

Answer 9

attenuation

Question 10

Which genus produces hyaluronidase?

Answer 10

Streptococcus

Question 11

What are some examples of AB toxins?

Answer 11

Shiga-like toxin, Botulinum toxin, Tetanus toxinW

Question 12

Which pathogens use capsules/slime layer for attachment?

Answer 12

Strep pneumonia, Bacillus anthracis

Question 13

Which microbial group is most resistant to desiccation due to their cell wall?

Answer 13

gram +

Question 14

The causative agent of strep pharyngitis, also known as “strep throat” is

Answer 14

Strep pyogenes

Question 15

Impetigo is due to an infection caused by

Answer 15

Either staph aureus or staph pyogenes

Question 16

Influenza A virus can be identified by what surface glycoproteins?

Answer 16

Both HA and NA

Question 17

A frequent symptom of the common cold is

Answer 17

nasal discharge

Question 18

The Spanish Flu of 1918 was caused by an _______ influenza virus.

Answer 18

H1N1

Question 19

The CD4 molecule is

Answer 19

a cell-surface protein that allows HIV to infect a cell

Question 20

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It affects the synthesis of ______

Answer 20

mycolic acid

Question 21

The single most important physical sign of primary syphillis is ______

Answer 21

the chancre

Question 22

Tuberculoid Hansen’s Disease is caused by the pathogen ____

Answer 22

Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)

Question 23

What is the most common AIDS-associated opportunistic disease?

Answer 23

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Question 24

Erythromycin is applied to the eyes of newborns particularly to prevent _______

Answer 24

gonorrhea

Question 25

What is true of tuberculosis?

Answer 25

The causative agent can remain dormant in macrophages

Question 26

"Bloodborne hepatitis" is caused by infection with hepatitis _____ virus

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Staph aureus produces __________, an enzyme that results in the accumulation of fibrin around the bacterial cells

Answer 27

coagulase

Question 28

The most important potential common source of infectious disease is _______

Answer 28

water

Question 29

Flour and sugar are classified as ______ foods

Answer 29

nonperishable

Question 30

At approx what temp are most household freezers kept?

Answer 30

-20 Celsius

Question 31

The principles behind salt/sugar preservation is to

Answer 31

reduce water activitiy (aw)

Question 32

Pickling is a type of food preservation untilizing

Answer 32

weak acids

Question 33

The Staph aureus toxins are

Answer 33

superantigen enterotoxins

Question 34

Clostridium botulinum is a gram ________ rod that produces an __________

Answer 34

-positive endospore-forming/ exotoxin

Question 35

Verotoxin can cause

Answer 35

hemorrhagic diarrhea

Question 36

ETEC strains produce one -of two heat-_________ diarrhea producing __________

Answer 36

-labile -entertoxins

Question 37

Listeria monocytogenes is

Answer 37

acid-, cold, and salt- tolerant

Question 38

The most common source of Escherichia spp food contaminated.

Answer 38

meat

Question 39

Coliforms in a water sample indicate ________ contamination

Answer 39

fecal

Question 40

Legionella pneumophila is generally transmitted by

Answer 40

contaminated water in coolers, pool, and domestic water systems

Question 41

What is the medium used in the membrane filter(MF) procedure to differentiate fecal coliforms and E. coli?

Answer 41

Eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB)