Exam 3: Week 13 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Sexual assault nurse examiners (SANE nurses)
do the exams when someone comes into the hospital after being sexually assaulted
- Get the description and all the graphic details to make a report
Secondary traumatic stress
your reaction to intensive indirect exposure to clients traumatic stressor experiences ⇒ includes symptoms and changes to world views
- Related terms: Vicarious trauma, Compassion fatigue
2 primary measures of secondary traumatic stress?
- Professional quality of life scale
- Secondary traumatic stress scale
Professional quality of life scale
framed in term of compassion fatigue
- Symptoms, burnout, satisfaction, etc.
Secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS)
DSM 4 questions for PTSD
- Your work with traumatized clients and your impact
- This research led to trauma being included in the DSM 5
- secondary stress exposure was added to DSM5 as criterion A event ⇒ repeated or extreme indirect exposure via professional duties
Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress using STSS
15-39%
what type of harm is more difficult to deal with?
intentional interpersonal harm
T/F you can have symptoms even if your exposure is not repeated or extreme? What are they?
True
- the secondary traumatic stress scale in DSM5 adds new symptom clusters added (Criterion D)
- Negative expectations about oneself, others, the world
- You have to have a certain score on this measure
what are criticisms of STSS?
being too narrow in conceptualizing vicarious trauma/secondary traumatic stress only in terms of PTSD symptoms
what are themes of qualitative meta syntheses? (2)
- emotional and somatic reactions to trauma work
- changes to schemas and behaviors
what are components of theme 1 (emotional and somatic reactions to trauma work)
- Emotional response
- Somatic responses
examples of emotional responses?
- Sadness, anger, fear, frustration, powerlessness, irritability, shock
- Immediate symptoms sometimes lingered via memories; difficulty switching off
examples of somatic responses? (3)
Numbness, nausea, fatigue
components of theme 2 (changes to schemas and behaviors)? (3)
- Negative changes to beliefs about the world, life, themselves
- Changes in daily life
- Positive changes reported too (similar to PTG)
examples of ngative changes to beliefs about the world, life, themselves? (2)
- Viewing the world as unsafe, increased awareness of potential personal vulnerability
- Mistrust of others –especially men– among those who work with domestic/sexual abuse
examples of changes in daily life? (2)
- Others problems seem trivial
- Overprotective parenting
positive changes reported for theme 2 (similar to PTG)? (5)
- Inspired by resilience of human spirit
- Greater appreciation of life
- Put things in perspective
- More compassionate
- Wiser
what are the largest risk factors for secondary traumatic stress? (4)
- Emotional involvement
- Same trauma as clients
- Caseload ratio
- Caseload volume
what are the largest protective factors for secondary traumatic stress? (3)
- Social support
- Work support
- Experience
ways of coping with secondary traumatic stress? (3)
- organizational factors
- personal behaviors
- attitudes and beliefs
Organizational factors (3)
- Diversifying workload
- Providing training and education ⇒ most common intervention
- Peer support and supervision
Personal behaviors (3)
- Self care ⇒ exercise, healthy eating, meditation, engaging in pleasurable activities
- Political activism to combat cynicism and anger
- Personal therapy
Attitudes and beliefs (2)
- Spirituality as a coping mechanism
- Seeing work as meaningful
Exam question: which of the following statements about secondary traumatic stress is NOT accurate?
- Secondary traumatic stress at work qualifies as a criterion A event in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM 5
- The majority of trauma workers have secondary traumatic stress
- Trauma workers with more experience report fewer symptoms
- The effects of secondary trauma exposure include symptoms of PTSD, changes to beliefs about the world, and positive life changes
The majority of trauma workers have secondary traumatic stress
