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Animal Science 108 > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Lighter Muscled Animals

A

Narrow standing & walking

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2
Q

Fatter Animals Become…

A

smoother appearing & develop a wider flatter shape to their topline

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3
Q 
Know locations of:
Brisket
Crest
Stifle
Quarter or Round
A

cattle

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4
Q

What does yeild grade determine?

A

Cutability

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5
Q

Yield grades in beef cattle predict the yield of which boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts?

A

Round
Loin
Rib
Chuck

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6
Q

Dressing % for cattle

A

62%

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7
Q

Factors used to determine YG for cattle

A
  • external fat thinkness over 12th rib
  • ribeye area
  • kidney, pelvic, & heart fat
  • carcass weight
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8
Q

The fatter the animal the ______ PYG.

A

Higher

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9
Q

What influences YG in lambs most?

A

Adj. fat thickness over the 12th rib

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10
Q

YG formula for sheep

A

0.4 + (10 x Adj. Fat Thickness)

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11
Q

Muscle is evaluated where in lambs?

A 
Forearm
Shoulder
Rack
Loin
Leg
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12
Q

Wether

A

male castrated before development of secondary sex characteristics

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13
Q

Dressing % (Carcass Weight) calculation…

A

Carcass Wgt. / Live Wgt.

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14
Q

Where is fat evaluated in hogs?

A 
Jowls
Behind the Shoulder
Over the Top
Rear/Fore Flanks
Underline
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15
Q

Dressing % for swine is…

A

72%

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16
Q

Why is swine dressing % so high?

A

Monogastrics

Leave skin on

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17
Q

Loin Eye Area Calculation

A

ex: muscle score of 2

= (2 x live weight/100) + 0.5

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18
Q

Proportions of organs in swine

A

35% large intestine
29% stomach & small intestine
7% cecum

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19
Q

Proportions of organs in horses

A

47% large intestine
27% small intestine
18% cecum
8% stomach

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20
Q

Which parts of the small intestine are involved in absorbtion? Digestion?

A

Jejunum & Ileum

Duodenum

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21
Q

Functions of a monogastric stomach

A
  • storage of ingested feed
  • muscular movements causing physical breakdown
  • secrete digestive juices
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22
Q

Which species does not have a gall bladder?

A

Horse

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23
Q

Which species cannot vomit?

A

Horse

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24
Q

Where does bacterial fermentation occur in the horse?

A

Cecum

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25
Function of the gizzard
grinds feed into finer particles by strong muscular contractions
26
"True Stomach"
Abomasum
27
4 compartments of a ruminant stomach
Reticulum - honeycomb Rumen Omasum - manyplies Abomasum - true stomach
28
Characteristics of the rumen
- largest compartment - large, hollow, muscular extends from diaphram to the pelvis & nearly fills the left side of abdominal cavity - up to 55 gal. capacity
29
The largest compartment at maturity in a ruminant is ______.
The Rumen
30
Esophageal Groove Functions
- passage way exending from esophageal opening (cardia) to omasum - allow milk to bypass the reticulo-rumen and escape bacterial fermentation
31
Rumination
- 8 hours a day - one cycle = one minute - allows animal to graze quickly and complete chewing later
32
Eructation
Belching of gas
33
Balance a Ration
X + Y
34
Fell Membrane
fully encompasses the carcass and lies between the muscle and skin in sheep
35
Where does head removal occur?
Atlas Joint
36
Stunning
mether used to render and animal unconscious, but the circulatory & respiratory systems still function
37
Which species are the carcasses split? Left intact?
Cattle & Swine are split | Sheep are left intact
38
Visceral
abdominal cavity
39
Pluck
thoracic cavity | trachea, lungs, & heart
40
Break Joint
joint on the fore legs at the lower end of the metacarpals that is a cartilaginous structure in lambs and will break.
41
Antemortem inspection classifications
US Passed US Suspect US Condemned
42
What factors affect dressing %?
``` Fill Digestive Tract Type Fat Muscle Manure & Mud ```
43
Offal
any organ or body part which does not remain with the carcass
44
Which is the most valuable offal item?
Hide or Pelt
45
Blast Chilling Temperature
28 degrees F
46
Pizzle Eye
white disc-like tissue immediately behind the aitch bone from which the penis was removed from the carcass. - used to distinguish steers from heifer carcasses
47
Buttons
soft cartilage tips on the outside of the chine bones that ossify as an animal matures
48
How long should feed be withheld before harvest?
12 - 24 hours
49
"A" maturity beef carcasses can have what quality grades?
Prime Choice Select Standard
50
PSE Pork
Pale, soft & exudative
51
What can affect meat tenderness?
``` Breed Type Locomotive v. Support Muscles QG Degree of Doneness Age ```
52
How do rib, round, & tenderloin steaks rank in comparison to one another?
Tenderloin = lowest Rib Round = highest
53
Top Turkey company in the US
Jennie-O
54
Top Broiler company in the US
Tyson
55
Poultry industry originated where?
Midwestern states
56
Oviposition
egg laying process
57
Reasons for recent increases in poultry consumption
new methods of processing, packaging & distribution, broilers are widely available when other meats are not - diet
58
Vertical Integration
carry out all activities from hatching to delivery to buyers
59
Top grade of eggs
AA
60
How many eggs can a hen produce in a year?
285
61
How much feed does it take to grow a lb of turkey?
less than 1.9lbs
62
What is the most valuable poultry cut?
Breast
63
How long does it take a baby chicken to hatch? Turkey?
21 days for a chicken | 28 for a turkey
64
Which gender determines the sex of the offspring in the chicken?
Female
65
How much feed does it take to produce a dozen eggs?
3lbs
66
Leading broiler producing states
Georgia & Arkansas
67
#1 state in US turkey production
Minnesota

Animal Science 108 (1 decks)

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