Exam 4 Flashcards

Question

How should a TSE be performed?

Answer 1

-once per month -After warm shower or bath -Check in front of a mirror for scrotal swelling -Use both hands to palpate the testes -Roll testes gently in a horizontal plane -Feel for any evidence of small lumps or abnormalities -Follow same procedure and poppet upward along the testes -Locate epididymis -repeat for other testis

Answer 2

Testicles should be smooth, firm, rubbery, mobile, free of nodules, and uniform inconsistency Testicles should be same size There should be no evidence of pea like lumps

Answer 3

Inflammation of epididymis Symptoms: Swollen, discolored, warm scrotum Testicle pain and tenderness Usually comes on slowly Pain during ejaculation *passive elevation of testes may relieve pain

Answer 4

Plaque forms under skin of penis Symptoms: Significant bend in penis Pain in penis ED can occur

Answer 5

Swelling of prostate gland Symptoms: Difficulty urinating Pain in groin Pain in pelvic area Pain in genitals

Answer 6

When testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum Medical emergency Symptoms Severe pain Swelling

Answer 7

Enlargement of veins, that transport oxygen depleted blood away from the testicles Symptoms Heaviness or discomfort of testes Palpable and can feel like a “bag of worms” Collapses when client is supine

Answer 8

Inflammation of one or both testicles Can be painful, heavy, and have a fever -scrotum Appears enlarged and reddened

Answer 9

Swelling in the scrotum that is produced by fluid in the sack, which normally surround the testes Often found in newborn boys or premature infants

Answer 10

Accumulation of blood, in between the layers of the Tunica vaginalis

Answer 11

The scrotum will enlarge

Answer 12

A testicular tumor A scrotal hernia

Answer 13

Every year to detect accurate blood, beginning at age 45

Answer 14

Every 10 years Every 5 years for CT virtual colonoscopy Every 5 years for sigmoidoscopy

Answer 15

Blood work: PSA Digital exam: finger in rectum to palpate prostate Biopsy

Answer 16

Person-to-person Body fluid Sexual transmission Contact with infected blood From mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding Sharing needles

Answer 17

Acute HIV infection (2-4 weeks of infection) ****highly contagious Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormant) AIDS

Answer 18

-having unprotected, anal or vaginal sex -having another STI -When injecting drugs, sharing, contaminated needles -Receiving unsafe injections, blood, transfusion, tissue transfusions -Experiencing accidental needlestick injuries -Ethnicity: African-American or Latino, Hispanic

Answer 19

-avoid unprotected sex -Avoid multiple sex partners -Avoid anal sex -avoid drug and alcohol use -Do not mix sex drugs or alcohol -use new sterile needles -Follow guidelines for handling bodily secretions -Openly discuss HIV risk behavior -Eat a healthy well rounded diet -Avoid foods that easily transmit foodborne illness (raw eggs, unpasteurized, dairy products, Rossi, food, undercooked meat) -Get immunizations

Answer 20

-Age, Rys is after 50 -Race/ethnicity, highest in African-American in Caribbean males of African origin -Geography, most common in North America, northwestern Europe, Australia, and Caribbean islands -Family history -Certain gene changes -Exposure to agent orange -Excessive alcohol consumption -Working on a farm, tire plant, paint, cardamom, toxic chemicals -Diet; high in red meat, or high fat daily with fewer vegetables -Shorter sleep -Prostatitis -STI -Vasectomy -smoking

Answer 21

-Frequent ejaculation -Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables -Taking vitamin E and selenium -Sleep in a dark room -Avoid shift work that requires daytime sleep -Drink green tea daily -Report if you have trouble urinating -Report if there is a decreased force in the stream of urine -Report if there is blood in the semen -Report if there is discomfort in the pelvic area -Report if there’s bone pain -Report if ED

Answer 22

Originates in the large intestine or rectum, begins as a polyp, in the inner lining of the colon or rectum

Answer 23

-start screening at age 50 -Sigmoidoscopy every five years, colonoscopy every 10 years, double contrast, barium enema every five years, or CT colonoscopy every five years Additionally, Guaiac based decal blood test every year

Answer 24

-Age: over 50 -African-American, or eastern European -Having inflammatory bowel disease -Having personal history of colorectal polyps -Family history -Genetics -type two diabetes mellitus -Being overweight -Being an active -Diet high in a red meat and processed meat -Diet of low vegetables, fruits, and whole grains -smoking -Alcohol -HPV -Night Shift work -Previous treatment for prostate or testicular cancer

Answer 25

-Contact provider, if any of the following symptoms occur: Black tarry stools Blood in bowel movement Change in bowel habits Unexplained, weight loss -Follow preventative screening -Avoid diet high in red in process meat in high fat and low fiber -Avoid smoking and alcohol

Answer 26

-Have patient empty bladder -During Jenna tell your exam patient will typically stand -During anal/rectum/prostate exam. Patient will be in left lateral position.

Answer 27

Sigmoidoscopy Too high up to use finger

Answer 28

Pubic hair may be gray and sparse -Penis become smaller -Testes hang lower in the scrotum

Answer 29

Splitting of the penile shaft, leaving an opening that may extend the entire length of the shaft Some cultures include us among other genital mutilations

Answer 30

Tight foreskin that cannot be retracted

Answer 31

Foreskin that has been retracted and cannot be returned to cover glands

Answer 32

Displacement of the urinary meatus to the central surface of penis

Answer 33

Displacement of urinary meatus to the dorsal surface of the penis

Answer 34

Absence of a testis Could be undescended

Answer 35

Shining a light from back of scrotum through to assess for masses

Answer 36

Masses with serous fluid -hydrocele -spermatocele

Answer 37

Masses that are solid or filled with blood: -tumor -hernia -varicocele

Answer 38

-loop of bowel protrudes into the scrotum to create an indirect inguinal. Hernia -Hernia peers as swelling in the scrotum -It is possible as a soft mass and fingers cannot get above. The mass -Bowls sounds will be present -Bulge will not disappear if pushed upward into abdomen

Answer 39

- Epigastric : assess by medial stomach - Incisional: assess by incisional suture - Umbilical : assess by belly button area - Inguinal : assess near groin

Answer 40

Painful mass that is hard and in a reddened

Answer 41

Swollen skin tag on the anal margin

Answer 42

Small opening in the skin that surrounds the anal opening

Answer 43

Straining or bearing down so the anal area can be inspected

Answer 44

Colleges of red mucosal membrane

Answer 45

Red and swollen or dimpled area, covered by a small tuft of hair located midline on the lower sacrum

Answer 46

-small, silvery – white papule that develops a red oval ulceration -Painless -sign of primary syphilis

Answer 47

-cluster of pimple like clear vesicles that irrupt and become ulcers -Painful -Typically caused by HSV, infection can remain dormant

Answer 48

-Single or multiple moist, fleshy populous -Painless -STI caused by the HPV

Answer 49

-Appears as hardened knowledgeable or ulcer on the glands -Painless -Occurs primarily an uncircumcised men

Answer 50

-< 3.5 cm long and soft can be atriohy -< 2 cm long and firm can be Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 51

Sperm filled cystic mass located on epididymis Palpable and non tender and movable Will appear on transillumination

Answer 52

-Indirect: -direct

Answer 53

Bow herniate through femoral ring, and canal Least common type of hernia Mostly occurs in women

Answer 54

Painless papule caused by varicose veins Can be internal or external

Answer 55

Glands- visible rounded portion Corpus - body Crura - two bands of fibrous tissue that attach it to pelvic bone

Answer 56

-Woman who has not given birth: small, round depression -Woman who has given birth: slit, like due to dilation of cervix

Answer 57

A woman who has not had kids

Answer 58

The squamocolumnar Junction migrates towards the cervical OS with maturation 90% of neoplasms of the lower genital tract originate in this area This is the area from which cells are obtained for cervical cytology, or the Pap smear

Answer 59

-allow entrance if a sperm into uterus -passage of menstrual flow -secretes mucus and prevents bacteria -stretches (dialates) to allow passage of fetus

Answer 60

Pear-shaped, muscular organ Two components ; -Corpus (body) * divided into fundus (upper portion), body (central portion), isthmus (narrow lower portion) -Neck Normal size is 7.5 vm long, 5cm wide, 2.5 cm thick Should move freely and not be tender

Answer 61

-endometrium -Myometrium -Peritoneum

Answer 62

Inner mucosal layer of uterine wall Estrogen and progesterone influence the thickness of this tissue Composed of epithelium, connective tissue and vascular Nettwerk Contains uterine glands that secrete alkaline substance to keep cavity moist Part of this layer sheds during menace in childbirth

Answer 63

The middle layer of the uterus Composed of three layers of smooth muscle fibers that surround blood vessels Functions to expel the products of conception

Answer 64

The outer uterine layer that covers the uterus and separated from the abdominal cavity Forms anterior and posterior pouches around the uterus Posterior pouch is called the Rectouterine pouch or cul-de-sac of Douglas

Answer 65

Pair of oval shaped organs 3 cm long, 2 cm wide, 1 cm deep Develop and release ova Produce estrogen, progesterone, testosterone Should be firm, smooth mobile, and somewhat tender on palpation

Answer 66

Carry ovum them from the ovary to the uterus 8 to 12 cm long

Answer 67

Cultural practice that involve total or partial removal of female genitalia There are four types

Answer 68

-Occurs approximately every 18 to 45 days -last approximately 3 to 7 days

Answer 69

Cramps Loading Moodiness Breast tenderness Headache Weight gain

Answer 70

The beginning of menstruation Tends to begin earlier for women living in developed countries US age is 11.9 with at least 17% body fat and 22% body fat is needed to maintain menstruation

Answer 71

Absence of minutes for 12 months Typically occurs in women between the ages of 40 and 58

Answer 72

Menopause that occurs before age 30

Answer 73

Menopause that occurs between ages 31 and 40

Answer 74

Menopause that occurs after 58

Answer 75

Hot flashes Night sweats Mood swings Irritability Decreased appetite Vaginal dryness Spotting Irregular bleeding

Answer 76

Hormone replacement therapy Used to help with symptoms of menopause

Answer 77

Because of atrophy of the vaginal mucosa associated with aging

Answer 78

The failure to conceive (regardless of the cause) after one year of unprotected intercourse. Six months for women over 35 Affects about 10% of women in the US

Answer 79

Pain during urination

Answer 80

Used to assess for masses, ovarian tenderness, organ enlargement

Answer 81

Screening for cervical cancer Testing for STI

Answer 82

Starting at age 21 (or once a woman become sexually active) Should be completed once per year

Answer 83

Pelvic inflammatory disease Typically caused by infection of the fallopian tubes, or ovaries with STI Leads to scarring and adhesions of the fallopian tubes, which can increase the risk for infertility, and ectopic pregnancy

Answer 84

Weight gain Breast tenderness Headache Nausea Typically subside after third cycle

Answer 85

Thromboembolic disorders Cerebrovascular accident Myocardial infarction

Answer 86

Toxic shock syndrome A life-threatening infection associated with high absorbency tampons, prolonged and continually use Has been associated with the use of menstrual cup

Answer 87

Frequent douching changes the natural floor of the vagina predisposing a vagina taste infection

Answer 88

-Age: 45 and 65 -Prolong sitting on the toilet -Chronic diarrhea or constipation -Obesity -Pregnancy -Anal intercourse -Eating a low fiber diet -Regular heavy, lifting

Answer 89

Hemorrhoids are normal condition, unless complications develop See healthcare provider, if rectal bleeding occurs, lightheadedness, dizziness, or faintness, extreme pain -Avoid straining with BM -avoid standing or sitting for prolonged periods -Try to use bathroom as soon as feeling occurs -Avoid anal intercourse -Avoid rubbing or cleaning too hard -high-fiber diet -Drink 68 glasses of water a day -Exercise -Avoid long periods of sitting -Use OTC creams or soothing pads -soak anal area in plain warm water 10 to 15 minutes 2 to 3 times per day -Bathe daily -Do not use dry toilet paper -Apply ice pack

Answer 90

Third, most common cancer in females originates in uterine cervix: Approximately eight out of 10 cervical cancer’s originate in the surface sell lining of the cervix (squamous cells) Slow developing cancer, preceded by pre-cancerous stage of dysplasia, which can be diagnosed with Pap smear

Answer 91

When cells become abnormal, can’t be diagnosed with a Pap smear and is 100% treatable If not treated, it could become malignant

Answer 92

First deductible stage of dysplastic cells Noninvasive cervical cancer “Sitting in place” a group of abnormal cells that are found only in the place where they first formed in the body. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread to nearby normal tissue (see right panel).

Answer 93

-screening is between age of 21 and 65 -Should be screened every 3 to 5 years -HPV testing -Cytology Ages for screening via cervical cytology 21 to 29 ; every three years 30 to 65 ; every three years, or HPV testing alone every five years 65 and older with adequate prior : no testing Post hysterectomy with service : no testing

Answer 94

HPV Smoking Immunosuppression Chlamydia Diet, low and fruits and vegetables Being overweight Intrauterine device use Having multiple full term pregnancy’s Being younger than 17 at first full term pregnancy Poverty Having a mother who took DES while pregnant Family history of cervical cancer

Answer 95

-Avoid risky sexual practices -Don’t have sex with an early age -don’t have multiple sex partners -Avoid high risk, sexual activities and partners -Consult professional about having HPV vaccine -follow Pap smear screening guidelines -If mother took DES, maintain careful preventative screening schedule -eat nutritious food and have routine care for illness -Talk to partner about expectations of sexual health

Answer 96

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 97

HPV: human papilloma virus

Answer 98

-do not douche 4 to 5 days before exam -Do not use vaginal cream’s, Jilly’s, medicines, or spermicidal foams 2 to 3 days before exam (these can interfere with cells) -Do not have sex within 24 hours of the exam (can cause tissue information) -Urinate before exam -Dorsal lithotomy position (supine with feet in stirrups) -do not put hands overhead (titans, abdominal muscles) -Can hand client Amir so they can view the examination

Answer 99

A condition in which the vagina becomes thinner and dryer Occurs when the body lacks estrogen

Answer 100

-Typically cervix is smooth, pink, and even -Midline position and Projects one to 3 cm into the vagina -In pregnant women the cervix may appear blue (Chadwick sign) -In older women the cervix may appear pale after menopause

Answer 101

Hard, immobile cervix

Answer 102

“chandler sign” Pain with movement of the cervix may indicate infection

Answer 103

Fibroid tumors that appear in uterus s/s Heavy mentral bleeding Prolonged periods Pelvic pain

Answer 104

Disease characterized by the presence of tissue resembling endometrium that occurs outside the uterus Uterus is fixed and tender S/S Pain in menstrual irregularities

Answer 105

Pea sized glands found just behind and either side of the lips that surround the entrance into the vagina

Answer 106

STI Sign could be abscess of Bartholin gland Painful

Answer 107

Graves speculum: appropriate for most adult woman, and available in various length and width Pederson speculum: appropriate for virgins, and some post menopausal women, who have a narrow vaginal orifice

Answer 108

The ectocervix (also called exocervix) is the outer part of the cervix that can be seen during a gynecologic exam. The ectocervix is covered with thin, flat cells called squamous cells. The endocervix is the inner part of the cervix that forms a canal that connects the vagina to the uterus.

Answer 109

A normal, finding in many women that can occur after childbirth, or when women takes oral contraceptives The columnar epithelial from within the Endocervical canal is everted and appears as a deep red, rough ring around the cervical OS surrounded by normal pink color of cervix

Answer 110

Normal findings after childbirth Less than 1 cm Yellow, translucent nodules on the cervical surface Odorless, and non-irritating

Answer 111

A laceration that may go across the cervix for women who have given birth vaginally

Answer 112

Vaginal birth may cause trauma to the service, and produce tears or lacerations

Answer 113

Laceration on cervix to a woman who has given child birth vaginally this version is not uniform

Answer 114

Most typical position of the uterus Cervix is pointed posteriorly in the body of the uterus is at the level of the pubis over the bladder

Answer 115

Normal variation Cervix is pointed, slightly more anteriorly, and the body of the uterus is positioned more posteriorly midway between the blood are in the rectum May be difficult to palpate the body through the abdominal and rectal walls

Answer 116

Normal variation Uterine body flexed, anteriorly, and relaxation to the cervix

Answer 117

Normal variation uterus is tilted backwards Uterine wall may not be palpable through the abdominal wall or the rectal wall Uterus is prominently retroverted the wall may be fell through the posterior fornix of the rectal wall

Answer 118

Normal variation Uterine body being flexed, posteriorly in relation to the cervix

Answer 119

Bulging in the interior, vaginal wall cost by thickening of pelvic musculature As a result, the bladder, covered by vaginal mucosa prolapses into the vagina

Answer 120

Bulging in posterior vaginal wall cost by weakening of the pelvic musculature Part of the rectum protrudes into the vagina

Answer 121

When the uterus protrudes into the vagina Is graded by how far is protrudes? First-°, the cervix is seen at the vaginal opening Second-degree the uterus bulges outside of the vaginal opening Third-degree the uterus bulges completely out of the vagina

Answer 122

When the service appears blue, and the client is not pregnant Can indicate venous, congestion, or a diminished oxygen supply to the tissue

Answer 123

Hardened ulcer is usually the first indication of cervical cancer, but may not be visible on the ectocervix In later stages, the Legion may develop into a large cauliflower like growth

Answer 124

A polyp typically develops in the Endo cervical canal, and may portrait visibly out the cervical OS Soft, red, rather fragile They are benign

Answer 125

Normal tissue around the external OS is inflamed and eroded, appearing reddened, and a rough Usually occurs with mucopurulent cervical discharge

Answer 126

Produces mucopurulent yellowish discharge from external OS Indication of chlamydia, or gonorrhea STI’s may also occur with no visible sign. Discharge can change cervical pH.

Answer 127

DES was a drug used more than 50 years ago to prevent spontaneous abortion and premature labor Abnormalities associated include columnar epithelium, that covers most or all of the active cervix. The columnar epithelium extends into the vaginal wall.

Answer 128

Capable of causing malformations in the fetus

Answer 129

A vaginal infection caused by a protozoan organism, and is usually sexually transmitted Discharge may appear yellow/green, frothy, foul-smelling Labia may appear swollen and red Vaginal walls may be Read, rough, covered with small red spots (petechiae) Infection causes itching an increase in urinating Vaginal pH will be greater than 4.5 (typically 7.0 or more.)

Answer 130

Occurs after menopause when estrogen production is low Discharge produced may be blood tinged and usually minimal The labia and vaginal mucosa appear atrophic Vaginal mucosa is typically pale and dry S/S itching, burning, dryness, painful urination

Answer 131

Infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast Sick, white, cheesy discharge Labia may be inflamed and swollen Vaginal mucosa may be reddened, and typically contains patches of the discharge S/S itching and discomfort

Answer 132

Cause is unknown (possibly anaerobic) thought to be sexually transmitted Discharge is thin and gray white and has a positive Amine (fish smell) coats, the vaginal walls and EXO cervix Labia and vaginal walls usually appear normal and pH is greater than 4.5.

Answer 133

During pregnancy Isthmus feels soft (hegar sign)

Answer 134

Fibroid tumors on the uterus Firm nodules that are continuous with the uterine surface they can grow quite large and will appear Fuhrman and Mobil

Answer 135

Uterus may be enlarged with a malignant mass Irregular bleeding, leading between periods, or postmenopausal bleeding maybe the first sign

Answer 136

Masses on the ovary, usually smooth, mobile round compressible, and nontender

Answer 137

Masses that are cancerous usually solid, irregular nontender and fixed

Answer 138

Pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the fallopian tube and begins to develop Solid, mobile, tender, and unilateral mass may be palpated Movement of uterus will cause pain

Answer 139

Yeast infections Breast cancer

Answer 140

Diabetes mellitus because the increased glucose levels are a good medium for yeast to grow

Answer 141

The vulnerability of the “Old-old” (starting at 85) They have poor health because they tend to have multi system. Chronic disabilities that interfere with their ability to fully function independently.

Answer 142

Persons, ability to carry out the basic function of activities and ADLs

Answer 143

Katz activity of daily living

Answer 144

Activities necessary for well-being Bathing Eating Toileting Emulating

Answer 145

Focus on household chores, mobility related, and cognitive abilities Cooking Cleaning Laundry Shopping Transportation Money Using the telephone

Answer 146

Six activities are rated as one or zero Bathing Dressing Toileting Transferring Continents Feeding Highest a person can score is six lowest a person can score is zero

Answer 147

Eight abilities are assessed and rated Ability to telephone: 1-4 Shopping 1-4 Food preparation 1-4 Housekeeping 1-5 Laundry 1-3 Mode transportation 1-5 Responsibility for your own medicine 1-3 Ability to handle finances 1-3 Total scores can range between 8 to 28 the lower the score the more independent

Answer 148

-labia and tissue covering the pubic bone loses firmness -Vaginal walls become less elastic -Vagina becomes dryer -Clitoris may become overly sensitive -Uterine contractions with orgasms may be painful

Answer 149

-sexual response slows -Delay in erection, need for more manual stimulation -prolong plateau phase -Shorter and less forceful orgasm -Rapid loss of furnace after orgasm -Increase in the time before another erection can be achieved after orgasm

Answer 150

If patient is: -lethargic -agitated -Mentally unstable to respond -Appears, excessively distracted -Offers inconsistencies -Not answer specific questions or describe daily activities

Answer 151

Rapid onset of cognitive change along with level of alertness from extreme lethargy to agitation

Answer 152

Depression is not more common in old age… But symptoms of depression in older adults, more commonly manifest as changes in cognition and physical symptoms Aka pseudodementia

Answer 153

S - sleep disorders p - problems with feeding I - incontinence C - conditions E - evidence of falls S - skin breakdown

Answer 154

Because his symptoms, and they make the natural aging process and other diseases Night sweats, chronic fatigue, weight loss, dementia, and swollen lymph nodes

Answer 155

G.I. mobility Needs to dehydration, immobility, port intake, exasperated the likelihood of constipati adequate fluid intake, dietary fiber, and moderate exercise our key factors in maintaining efficient elimination

Answer 156

Involuntary loss of urine associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void

Answer 157

Involuntary loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, or laughing or physical activities that increase abdominal pressure

Answer 158

Involuntary loss of urine associated with over distention of bladder

Answer 159

Inability to get to the bathroom in time or understand accused avoid due to problems with mobility or cognition

Answer 160

“ timed up and go” Time how long it takes a patient to stand up, walk 10 feet and back, and sit down If they take longer than 12 seconds to complete, then they are risk for falling

Answer 161

Poor wound healing, bruising, dental deterioration, poor appetite, and fluid intake, weight loss

Answer 162

Hemoglobin: lower than 12 G/dL Hematocrit: lower than 35 Vitamin B12: lower than 100 ug/mL Serum cholesterol: lower than 160 mg/dL Serum albumin: lower than 3.5 g/dL Serum potassium : do not increase 1 mg per day

Answer 163

-Sudden weight loss -Fever -Dry, warm skin -Furrowed, swollen, red tongue -Decreased urine output -Lethargy -Weakness

Answer 164

Acute change in mental status (particularly confusion), tachycardia, hypertension

Answer 165

Reddish vascular, lesions on ears or other facial areas, resulting from dilation of small red blood cells Looks like a dark purple under the skin mole (also found on lips)

Answer 166

Acrochordons, flesh colored, pedunculated lesions

Answer 167

Tan, brown, or reddish flat lesions commonly found on fair skinned person and sun exposed areas

Answer 168

Small round red spots “red moles”

Answer 169

Vivid, purple patches (legions do not Blanche when touched) Looks like big purple bruise

Answer 170

Hyper pigmentation in San exposed areas that appears brown pigment in around reticular patches “ liver spots”

Answer 171

Round or irregular shaped tan, scaly lesions, that may bleed or be inflamed Kind of look like scabs or skin cancer that’s light in color

Answer 172

Shingles Draining clear fluid or pustules a top an erythematous base following a clear linear pattern and accompanied by pain

Answer 173

-Wrinkly skin -Less elastic skin -Elastic collagen is replaced with more fibrous tissue -loss of subcutaneous tissue

Answer 174

Decision is difficulty swallowing Coughing, drooling, pocketing, spitting out food after intake Drooping mouth, chronic congestion, weak, or hoarse voice (especially after eating or drinking)

Answer 175

Lean forward slightly and keep chin talked in towards the neck when swallowing Offer food that has putting like consistency, 10 minimize risk of aspiration

Answer 176

-Yellowish or brownish discoloration of the lens -S/S: painless blurring of vision, glare, and halos around lights, poor vision at night, colors that look dull or brownish

Answer 177

-Cloudy or grayish ring around the iris -Decrease pigmentation in Iris -Normal age related change

Answer 178

-lens loses elasticity -Leads to decreased ability to change shape -Louis ability to see near -Normal age related change

Answer 179

Thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows over the cornea May interfere with vision Normal age related change

Answer 180

Patient has difficulty seeing with one eye… Disorder almost always becomes bilateral Other finance include flurry words at the center of the page or door frames that don’t appear straight

Answer 181

Noticeable loss of vision-including cloudiness distortion of familiar objects, and occasional blind spots or floaters

Answer 182

20-mmHg decrease in systolic 10-mmHg decrease in diastolic

Answer 183

Raise in pulse rate more than 20 bpm that does not return to baseline within two minutes

Answer 184

-inability to get up from a fall or to walk -Severe pain in hip or groin -inability to put weight on affected hip -Bruising or swelling around hip area -Shorter leg on affected side -Our turning of the leg on the right side of hip/leg injury

Answer 185

Bunion A great toe overriding, or underline the second toe Pain in difficulty walking

Answer 186

Pressure that can destroy the optic nerve and cause blindness Rainbow like halos are circles around lights, severe pain in the eyes or forehead, nausea, and blurred vision

Answer 187

Vitreous pulls away from the attachment to the retina at the back of the eye, causing the retina to tear in one or more places

Answer 188

Six seconds

Answer 189

V-Fib V-Tach Torsade de Pointes (type of ventricular tachycardia)

Answer 190

Irregular No P wave No QRS Random squiggle lines all over the place with no consultancy

Answer 191

-atrial contraction -DE-polarization -DE-compressing One P wave before every QRS complex

Answer 192

-Ventricle contraction -DE-polarization -DE-compressing *note: atrial repolarization also happens during this time, but is overshadowed by contraction

Answer 193

-Ventricles, relaxing -RE-polarizing -RE-filling with blood

Answer 194

Movement of electrical activity from atria to ventricles

Answer 195

The time between ventricle depolarization, and re-polarization (Ventricle contraction)

Answer 196

Time it takes from ventricles to depolarize, contract, and atrial to repolarize

Answer 197

60 to 100 BPM

Answer 198

1 small box = 0.04 seconds 1 large box = 0.20 seconds 5 large boxes = 1 second Strip = 6 seconds, 30 large boxes

Answer 199

Count the number of “R’s” in between the 6 seconds strip and multiply it by 10 * must make sure that a six second strip is being used

Answer 200

-Rate: 60-100 BPM -rhythm: regular -P-wave: upright & uniform for for each QRS (normal) -PR interval: normal: .12 - .20 -QRS complex: normal : .04 - 0.12

Answer 201

-Rate: < 60 BPM -rhythm: regular -P-wave: upright & uniform for for each QRS -PR interval: normal -QRS complex: normal

Answer 202

-Rate: > 100 BPM -rhythm: regular -P-wave: upright & uniform for for each QRS -PR interval: normal -QRS complex: normal

Answer 203

-Rate: 100 - 250 BPM -rhythm: regular -P-wave: not visible -PR interval: none -QRS complex: wide (like tombstone) No contraction or cardiac output This is fatal : patient is usually awake

Answer 204

-Rate: unknown -rhythm: chaotic & irregular -P-wave: not visible -PR interval: not visible -QRS complex: not visible Rapid, disorganized pattern Loss of consciousness May not have pulse or blood pressure Respirations have stopped Cardiac arrest and death Defib the Vfib

Answer 205

-Rate: usually over 100 BMP -rhythm: irregular -P-wave: none (irregular fibrillary waves) -PR interval: visible -QRS complex: normal *the atria is quivering Uncoordinated electrical activity in the atria that causes rapid and disorganized fitting of the muscles in the atrium

Answer 206

-Rate: depends on the underline rhythm -rhythm: regular, but interrupted do too early P waves -P-wave: visible, but depends on timing a PVC (maybe hidden) -PR interval: slower than normal -QRS complex: sharp, bizarre, and abnormal PVC appears as QRS complex goes down

Answer 207

-Rate: N/A -rhythm: N/A -P-wave: N/A -PR interval: N/A -QRS complex: N/A Flatline

Answer 208

-Rate: 75 - 150 BPM -rhythm: regular -P-wave: sawtooth shaped flutter waves -PR interval: unable to measure -QRS complex: usually normal and upright Similar to a fib, but the Hartz electrical signals spread through the atria. The Harts upper chambers to quickly but at a regular rhythm.

Answer 209

1) calculate rate (BPM) 2) determine regularity (R) 3) assess p-waves (present, regular) 4) PR interval (3-5 boxes) 5) QRS (1-3 boxes)

Answer 210

Atrial flutter

Answer 211

Arterial fibrillation

Answer 212

AV junctional Block

Answer 213

PST = paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 214

PVC ; premature ventricular contraction

Answer 215

More than 2 normal R-R

Answer 216

PAC - premature atrial contraction

Exam 4 Flashcards

(247 cards)