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Exam 3: Interpersonal Attraction and Social Influence > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Altruism

A

Desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper

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2
Q

Selective Altruism

A

Explains why some people will go out on a limb for others

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3
Q

When does selective altruism occur

A

When we choose to help 1 person from a large group

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4
Q

What is the negative state relief model?

A

Helping others to make us feel good

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5
Q

What is the empathetic joy hypothesis?

A

empathy for another produces altruistic motivation to help

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6
Q

What is kin selection?

A

people favor others who are related to them

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7
Q

Excitation transfer theory

A

Any form of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive responses

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8
Q

Bystander effect of multiple bystanders

A

if no one else is trying to help, you will do the same and not help because of diffusion of responsibility

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9
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Reduction in feeling personal responsibility in the presence of others

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10
Q

Gender Difference in Empathy

A

-Females more empathetic than males
-Studies show mixed results on gender differences with empathy

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11
Q

Thanatos idea of aggression

A

Death wish that becomes redirected towards others instead of self

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12
Q

Freud’s idea of aggression

A

-Aggression is inmate
-Aggressive energy is constantly generated
-Aggression is the result of internal tension
-Aggression must be expressed

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13
Q

Crowdfunding

A

Raising money by obtaining many small amounts of money from many people

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14
Q

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A

Frustration is a blocking of ongoing goal-directed behavior that produces an internal emotion of frustration at a situation that leads to aggression towards something and results in prejudice

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15
Q

Aggression cues, who’s research incorporated these into their studies

A

-Research done by Leonard Berkowitz
-Intervening variable towards triggering aggression
-Example: Driving by an ex’s house would be a cue

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16
Q

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Perspective

A

Acquire aggressive behaviors from direct experience from observing aggressive models (observing behaviors)

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17
Q

Effects of exposure to violence in TV/movies, how many TVs in US

A

-increases the probability of aggressive behavior

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18
Q

Brad Bushman’s research on TV violence

A

-Recall ad info after watching something violent
-Violence impairs memory

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19
Q

Effects of repeated exposure to violent pornography and other violent media content

A

More likely to exhibit sexual violence

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20
Q

What is the Type A behavior pattern?

A

a collection of personality characteristics, including perfectionism, time urgency, high drive for achievement, and hostility, which can increase one’s risk of cardiovascular disease

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21
Q

What is the Type B behavior pattern?

A

Easy-going, noncompetitive, and less prone to stress

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22
Q

What is instrumental aggression?

A

Useful in achieving a goal

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23
Q

When do gender differences in aggression shrink?

A

When provocation is present

24
Q

Gender and aggression relationships

A

-Men engage in direct aggression
-Women engage in indirect aggression (women feel guilty after being aggressive)

25
What is punishment?
AN event that decreases the behavior that it follows
26
Conditions for punishment to be effective
-Applied immediately after targeted behavior -Punishment followed by explanations -Punishment applied consistently -Followed by demonstrations and reinforcement of correct behavior
27
what is a role
set of expectations about the ways in which people are supposed to behave in situations
28
Different types of norms
-Descriptive norm: based on what people actually do -Injunctive norm: based on what people ought to do
29
Theories of helping behavior (altruism)
-no one knows why it exists -bases on unselfish concern for another's welfare -genetically determined vs altruistic personality
30
Social facilitation theories
Zajonc: people tend to perform simple, familiar tasks better when in front of an audience
31
Effects of having an audience when preforming a task
-Tend to perform better in front of an audience when the task is simple -Tend to perform task worse in front of an audience when the task is complex or new
32
Zajoc's drive theory of social facilitation
mere presence of others increases arousal which increases the frequency of dominant responsese
33
What is distraction-conflict theory
in the presence of others there is a conflict between attending to the person and attending to the task
34
Social loafing
the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group
35
When/how is social loafing reduced
-create smaller groups -accountability -prioritizing tasks
36
Social dilemma
Selfish behavior results in individual gain but can result in collective disaster and competitive behavior
37
Prisoner's dilemma
-a game in which players act in rational, self-interested ways that leave everyone worse off -a mixed-motive conflict
38
Groupthink
individuals of small cohesive group tend of accept a viewpoint that represents a perceived group consensus which or not the group believe it to be valid
39
Publicity before a trial and who benefits
-Publicity can sway jurors decision-making during trial verdicts but instilling a negative perception of the defendant -Benefits prosecution
40
False Memory
people remember events differently from the way they happened or remember events that never happened
41
Scientific jury selection
use of social science techniques and expertise to choose favorable juries during trials
42
Probability of conviction in a criminal case and its relations to attractiveness
-more attractive people are less likely to be processed through the system -if found guilty, tend to receive lighter sentences
43
Great person theory of leadership
idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the situation
44
Transformational leaders
inspire and motivate their workforce without micromanaging
45
Transactional leaders
achieving short-term goals and performing tasks correctly and to specifications (most effective)
46
Culture of honor
Cultures placing high emphasis on the importance of willingness to protect family
47
Altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
48
Batson experiments
-students receive fake shocks -students complain of bad experience with shock as a child. Participants asked if they wanted to trade places. More likely to trade if they look similar on any basis- hair color, skin color, clothes - Empathy-altruism hypothesis
49
How do different genders feel about SA cases
Males will assume sex was consensual
50
Dynamogesis
an increase in the mental or motor activity of an already functioning bodily system that accompanies any added sensory stimulation
51
Bystander effect
Presence of others discourages individual from intervening
52
Prosocial behavior
when people act to benefit others instead of self
53
what impact does provocation have on aggression
individuals who are generally aggressive and are more sensitive to provocations tend to process aggressive stimuli faster than those who are not
54
General Aggression Model
-input: personal and situational factors -present states: cognition and arousal -outcomes: decision process with a non or aggression result
55

Exam 3: Interpersonal Attraction and Social Influence (2 decks)

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