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Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Anular ligament of the radius do?

A

Holds radial head to humerus; if teared the radius will dislocate.

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2
Q

What does the ulnar collateral ligament do ?

A

Prevent medial (side to side) movement

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3
Q

What is the carrying angle of the elbow?

A

Angle which we bend normally when our arms are at our sides. Rest outside of hips, different angle for each person.

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4
Q

How many muscles cross the elbow; what are the two chief flexors? What are the two secondary flexors that assist in the presence of resistance?

A

17 muscles cross the elbow
Chief flexors: Biceps Brachii, Brachialis
Secondary flexors: In the presence of resistance the brachioradialis and pronator teres assist in slowing flexion. Support/control elbow flexion.

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5
Q

During pronation and supination the radial head rotates within the ______

A

Anular ligament

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6
Q

What connects the radius and ulna?

A

The Interosseous membrane

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7
Q

What articulates in distal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of Ulna articulates wit the ulnar notch on the radius.
Radius is doing the movement, moves over the ulna.

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8
Q

What are the two muscles of supination and the two of pronation?

A

Supination: supinator and biceps brachii
Pronation: pronator quadratus and pronator teres

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9
Q

OIAN of Supinator

A

Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Annular and radial collateral ligaments
- Supinator crest of ulna

Insertion - Lateral surface of proximal radius
Action - Supination of forearm
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

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10
Q

OIAN of Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin - Distal anteromedial ulna
Insertion - Distal anterolateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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11
Q

OIAN of Pronator Teres

A

Origin - Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus, Ulnar Head – Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Middle of lateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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12
Q

OIAN of Biceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Short head – Coracoid process
- Long head – Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion:
- Tendon – Radial tuberosity
- Bicipital aponeurosis – Antebrachial fascia (medial side)

Action:
Both heads:
- Supination of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Short head:
- Also: Flexion of shoulder

Nerve Supply: - Musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

OIAN of brachialis

A

Origin: - Distal anterior humerus
Insertion:
- Ulnar tuberosity
- Coronoid process
Action: - Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply: - Musculocutaneous nerve

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14
Q

OIAN of Brachioradialis

A

Origin: - Supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: - Styloid process of radius
Action: - Flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral position
Nerve Supply: - Radial nerve

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15
Q

OIAN of Pronator Teres

A

Origin - Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus, Ulnar Head – Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Middle of lateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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16
Q

What are the eight carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium (thumb)

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17
Q

What is unique of the pisiform bone?

A

it is a sesamoid bone, enveloped in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

What are the 2 proximal distal joints of the wrist complex

A

Radiocarpal and midcarpal

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19
Q

What are the proximal and distal components of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Proximal components: radius, articular disc (triangular ligament)

Distal components: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

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20
Q

What are the Distal and Proximal components of the Midcarpal Joint?

A

Distal: Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium

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21
Q

free :)

A
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22
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal Ligament/Flexor retinaculum forms the tunnel with the carpals.

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23
Q

What are the joints between carpals and metacarpals?

A

Carpometacarpals

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24
Q

What are the four tendons that cross the anterior of the wrist (flexion)?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundis

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25
OIAN of Palmaris Longus
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis - Flexor retinaculum - Bases of proximal phalanges Action - Flexion of wrist Nerve Supply - Median nerve
26
OIAN of Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Action - Flexion of wrist, Radial deviation of wrist Nerve Supply - Median nerve
27
OIAN of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin - Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus - Ulnar Head: Olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna Insertion - Pisiform - Hook of hamate - Base of 5thmetacarpal Action - Flexion of wrist - Ulnar deviation of wrist Nerve Supply - Ulnar nerve
28
OIAN of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus - Coronoid process of ulna - Proximal anterior surface of radius Insertion - Middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Action - Flexion of wrist - Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints Nerve Supply - Median nerve
29
OIAN of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin - Proximal surface of ulna Insertion - Base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Action - Flexion of wrist - Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP and DIP joints Nerve Supply - Digits 2-3: median nerve - Digits 4-5: ulnar nerve
30
OIAN of Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin - Anterior surface of radius - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of digit 1 Action - Flexion of thumb at IP joint Nerve Supply - Median nerve
31
OIAN of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus:
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Base of 2nd metacarpal Action - Extension of wrist - Radial deviation of wrist Nerve Supply - Radial nerve
32
OIAN of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis:
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Base of 3rd metacarpal Action - Extension of wrist Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
33
OIAN of Extensor Digitorum
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Extensor expansion of digits 2-5 Action - Extension of wrist - Extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joints Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
34
OIAN of Extensor Digit Minimi
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Extensor expansion of digit 5 Action - Extension of wrist - Extension of digit 5 at MCP joint Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
35
OIAN of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris:
Origin - Humeral Head – Lateral epicondyle of humerus, - Ulnar Head – Proximal posterior ulna Insertion - Base of 5th metacarpal Action - Extension of wrist - Ulnar deviation of wrist Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
36
OIAN Abductor Pollicis Longus:
Origin - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of 1st metacarpal Action - Radial deviation of wrist - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
37
OIAN of Extensor Pollicis Brevis:
Origin - Posterior radius - Interosseous membrane Insertion- Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 Action - Radial deviation of wrist - Extension of thumb at MCP joint Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
38
OIAN of Extensor Pollicis Longus:
Origin - Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of digit 1 Action - Radial deviation of wrist - Extension of thumb at IP joint Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
39
OIAN of Extensor Indicis
Origin - Posterior ulna - Adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion - Extensor expansion of digit 2 Action - Extension of wrist - Extension of digit 2 at MCP joint Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve
40
What is the palmar aponeurosis?
Fascia covers the tendons, blood supply, nerves and muscles. It connects on its distal side to the superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.
41
What is the volar plate?
tough pad of fibrocartilage that sits one the volar surface. It provides stability by preventing hyperextension
42
What are the two ligaments in the finger joint?
Collateral Ligament: One ligament that connects Metacarpal and phalanx. Accessory Collateral Ligament: Second ligament connects metacarpal to the volar plate (provides stability)
43
What three joints connects the metacarpals and phalanxs?
MCP: Metacarpophalangeal Joint- Metacarpal to proximal phalanx PIP: Proximal interphalangeal joint- Proximal phalanx to phalanx DIP: Distal interphalangeal joint- phalanx to distal phalanx
44
What does the flexor digitorum superficialis flex?(joints)
Flexes MCP and PIP joints, inserts at phalanx
45
What does the flexor digitorum profundus flex? (joints)
Flexes MCP, PIP, and DIP joints, inserts at distal phalanx
46
What is the extensor hood?
at MCP joint, tendons of extensor digitorum, digiti minimi, and indicis meet with a broad aponeurosis called the extensor hood
47
What do the Dorsal and Palmar Interossei muscles contribute to?
Dorsal: contribute to abduction DAB Palmar: contribute to adduction PAD
48
OIAN of Abductor Pollicus Brevis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, scaphoid Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 Action: abduction of thumb at CMC joint Nerve supply: median nerve
49
OIAN of Flexor Pollicus Brevis
Origin: superficial head- flexor retinaculum and trapezium; deep head- trapezium and capitate Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 Action: Flexion of thumb at MCP joint Nerve supply: median nerve for superficial head and ulnar nerve for deep head
50
OIAN of Opponens Pollicus
Origin: Flexor Retinaculum, trapezium Insertion: radial shaft of 1st metacarpal Action: opposition of thumb at CMC joint Nerve Supply: median nerve
51
OIAN of Adductor Pollicus
Origin: Transverse head- anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Oblique head- bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; capitate, trapezoid and trapezium Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1 Action: Adduction of thumb at CMC joint Nerve Supply: Ulnar nerve
52
What are the two lumbar plexus nerves that innervate lower fibers of anterior abdominal muscles?
Ili0hypogastric and Ilioinguinal
53
OIAN of Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest Insertion: 12th rib, transverse process of L1-4 Action: Lateral flexion of spine, elevates hip Innervation: Ventral rami T12-L4
54
OIAN of Psoas Minor
Origin- Body of T12-L1 Insertion: Superior Ramus of pubis Action: Flexion of lumbar spine Innervation: Spinal nerves L1
55
What muscle is used for exercises that require a tightening of the abdominals (plank)
Transverse Abdominal
56
What is the Thoracolumbar Fascia the origin for?
it is the origin for both the Internal Oblique and the Transverse Abdominus
57
What muscles are used for twisting of the abdomen (russian twist exercise)
Internal and External Obliques
58
OIAN of Rectus Abdominus
Origin: pubic symphysis and crest Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process Action: flexion of spine, compression of abdomen Innervation: T7-12
59
What are the four abdominal muscles from superficial to deep?
External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis
60
What muscles pass deep to the inguinal ligament and where do they insert?
Iliacus and Psoas Major both pass deep to the inguinal ligament and insert on the femur, they are hip flexors
61
What is the Thoracolumbar Fascia
Critical structural connection, connects force between trunk and leg. (low back) Origin of transverse abdominal and internal oblique, also latissimus dorsi. Wraps around quadratus lumborum
62
What are the two cavities of the abdomen?
Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal cavities
63
What are the Mesenteries and Great Omentum?
Mesenteries: anchor intestines to posterior abdominal wall Greater Omentum: hangs down from the stomach like a curtain, separating visceral and parietal peritoneum
64
Details on Visceral Fat
Visceral Fat accumulates in and under the omentum and mesenteries in some individuals. Visceral fat is an endocrine organ that releases adipokines.
65
What are Adipokines ?
Hormones that impact our metabolism
66
Where is the Inguinal Canal and what passes through it (reproductive)
Between the aponeurosis of the external oblique (superior) and inguinal ligament (inferior) Spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus pass through V shape towards genitals
67
Why are chronic cough and constipation risk factors for hernias?
The pressure on the abdominal wall can lead to intestine escaping
68
What are parts of the GI tract beginning at the mouth and ending at anus
Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach,Small intestine, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anus
69
What are the accessories of the GI tract?
Parotid gland, tongue, teeth, sublingual gland, submandibular gland, diaphragm, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bile duct
70
What are the four major parts of stomach?
Lesser curvature, greater curvature, body, fundus
71
What does the Pyloric sphincter do ?
Sets pace of exiting
72
What causes the stomach "growling" sounds?
Layers of muscle twisting with nothing inside
73
What are the three functional sections of the small intestine? What are their functions?
Dudoenum: majority of digestion occurs here Jejunum and Ileum: long massively folded internal structures for surface area. Absorption occurs here
74
What are the functions of the Large intestine?
Absorbs water and vitamins from the remaining material. Also functions in compaction of feces.
75
Path of large intestine
Ileocecal Valve (from small intestine), Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal/External anal sphincter
76
What does the appendix do and what is the danger?
haven for bacteria, repopulate the large intestine after diarrhea If a lump of feces or swelling of lymph tissue causes blockage, the bacteria cannot escape. Swelling and rupture can result. This will release all of the bacteria into the body
77
What divides the left and right lobes of the liver
Falciform Ligament
78
What makes up the Porta Hepatis?
Hepatic Portal vein, artery, and ducts
79
Function of gall bladder?
Stores bile
80
What is the function of bile and where is it produced?
Bile breaksdown lipids and is produced in the liver
81
What are the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Exocrine: pancreatic juice to GI tract Endocrine: regulator of blood sugar through the antagonistic action of insulin and glucagon

Anatomy (14 decks)

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