Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the pelvic region ?

A

Superior: pelvic inlet
Inferior: pelvic outlet/pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the pelvic brim divide?

A

Pelvic brim divides the superior greater pelvis from the inferior false pelvis.
The greater pelvis is bowl shaped to hold up abdominal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four parts of pelvis?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the os coxae meet with the public symphysis and sacrum?

A

Ox coxae meets anteriorly at public symphysis
- articulates posteriorly with sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the pelvis joints attach?
Iliolumbar, anterior/posterior sacroiliac, sacrospinous, sacrotuberus, and anterior/posterior sacrococcygeal

A

Iliolumbar ligament: superior/inferior attachment between ilia and lumbar spine transverse processes

Anterior/posterior sacroiliac: laterally attach ilium and sacrum

Sacrospinous: attaches sacrum to ischial spine

Sacrotuberus: attaches sacrum to ischial tuberosities

Anterior/posterior sacrococcygeal: ligaments attach sacrum to coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What element does semen have to survive in the vagina?

A

Semen has alkaline elements to differ urethra acidity and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three zones of the penis urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra: extends through the prostate gland
Membranous urethra: external urethra sphincter
Spongy urethra: encased within erectile tissue

Transports urine and semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?
The rugae?

A

Triangle shaped space between ureter orifices-location of stretch receptors that trigger urge to urinate

Rugae allow it to expand as it fills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does someone is pregnant use the restroom more?

A

They would have less room for bladder to expand, causing more pressure on receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Feature of vaginal urethra

A

Just for urine, very short (3cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the fimbriae?

A

Finger like projections that hover outside of the ovary. Do not touch ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three walls of uterus? What is shed during menstruation? Which one contracts during labor?

A

Endometrium (shed) , myometrium (contracts) perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the Iliohypogastric innervate?

A

L1 and T12 fibers
Innervates: internal oblique and transversus abdominus. Sensory innervation in pubic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does ilioinguinal nerve innervates?

A

L1 Fibers
Innervates: internal oblique and transversus abdominus. Sensory innervation in pubic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

L1 and L2 nerve
Innervates: sensory to genitalia and upper anterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervate?

A

L2 and L3
Innervates: sensory only for skin of the anterio-lateral thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

L2, L3, L4
Muscle innervation to hip flexors/knee extensors. Sensory innervation to anterior thigh and medial leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

L2,L3,L4
Innervates the adductor muscles and the skin over the medial thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two major nerves from the sacral plexus?

And what verterbrae they come from

A

Sciatic (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3) and Pudendal (S2, 3, 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate and what is it made of?

A

Largest nerve in the body (2cm wide)
L4-S3
Posterior thigh muscles, all leg and foot muscles, all joints of the lower limb
Sciatic nerve is made of two nerve joined in a connective tissue sheath: common peroneal and tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Pudendal nerve innervate?

A

Main nerve of the perineum and genitalia
S2-S4
Exits pelvis posteriorly through greater sciatic foramen, then re-enters anteriorly through lesser sciatic foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the actions of the Tensor facia latae and IT Band

A

Major hip abductor and has some flexion contribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

OIAN of Tensor Facia Latae

A

O: anterior iliac crest
I: lateral condyle of tibia via IT band
A: stabilizes knee, flexes hip, abducts hip, internally rotates hip
N: superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

OIAN of Gluteus Minimus

A

O: inferior posterior ilium
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
A: Abducts hip, internally rotates hip
N: superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
OIAN of Gluteus Medius
O: middle posterior ilium I: greater trochanter of femur A: abducts hip, internally rotates hip N: superior gluteal nerve
26
Where are the hip stabilizers?
the muscles along the lateral and posterior sides of the hip joints. (gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, piriformis)
27
OIAN of gluteus maximus
O: posterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament, superior posterior ilium I: gluteal tuberosity of femur, lateral condyle of tibia via IT band A: extension of hip, external rotation of the hip N: inferior gluteal nerve
28
OIAN of Superior Gemellus
Lateral rotators of the femur O:Ischial spine I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (via tendon of obturator internus) A: Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip); stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum N: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
29
Six deep lateral rotators of the femur
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris
30
OIAN of Piriformis
Origin: - Anterior sacrum Insertion: - Greater trochanter of femur Action: - External rotation of hip Nerve Supply: - Anterior rami S1-2
31
OIAN of Obturator Internus
Origin: - Obturator membrane - Superior pubic ramus Insertion: - Greater trochanter of femur Action: - External rotation of hip Nerve Supply: - Sacral Plexus L5, S1, S2
32
OIAN of Inferior gemellus.
O: lateral surface of ischial tuberosity I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur A: External rotation of thigh, thigh abduction N: quadratus femoris nerve
33
OIAN of obturator externus
Origin: - Obturator membrane - Pubic and ischial rami Insertion: - Greater trochanter of femur Action: - External rotation of hip Nerve Supply: - Obturator Nerve
34
OIAN of quadratus femoris
Origin: - Ischial tuberosity Insertion: - Quadrate tubercle Action: - External rotation of hip Nerve Supply: - Nerve to quadratus femoris L4, L5, S1
35
What is the main extensor of the hip
Gluteus maximus
36
What increases the stability of the hip joint?
-shape of articulating surfaces - acetabular labrum -joint capsule - 3 strong ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral)
37
What are the three strong ligaments of hip joint
iliofemoral( prevents excessive extension), pubofemoral (prevents excessive abduction), ischiofemoral (provides stability during extension)
38
What are the prime hip flexors
Iliopsoas (Iliacus and psoas major together) Sartorius
39
Prime Hip abductors
tensor fascia latae and IT band
40
Prime Hip adductors
pectineus, adductor longus/brevis/magnus, gracilis
41
Primary hip extensors
gluteus maximus
42
Primary hip lateral rotators
piriformus, inferior and superior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, quadriceps femoris
43
Primary hips medial rotators
gluteus medius, minimus
44
OIAN Iliacus
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flexes hip, flexes vertebral column N: femoral nerve
45
OIAN Psoas Major
O: T12-L5 vertebral bodies and discs, L1-5 transverse processes I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flexes hip, flexes lumbar vertebral column N: anterior rami-spinal nerves L2-3
46
OIAN Sartorius
O: anterior superior iliac spine I: pes anserinus (medial tibia) A: flexes, abducts, externally rotates hip; flexes and internally rotates knee N: femoral nerve
47
OIAN pectineus
Origin: - Superior ramus of pubis Insertion: - Between lesser trochanter and linea aspera Action: - Adduction of hip - Flexion of hip Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
48
OIAN of Adductor magnus
Origin: - Anterior Head – Inferior ramus of pubis - Posterior Head – Ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity Insertion: - Anterior head – Linea aspera of femur - Posterior head – Adductor tubercle of femur Action: - Both Heads – Adduction of hip - Anterior head – Flexion of hip - Posterior head – Extension of hip Nerve Supply: - Anterior head – Obturator nerve - Posterior head – Tibial division of sciatic nerve
49
OIAN adductor brevis
Origin: - Body and inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: - Linea aspera Action: - Adduction of hip - Flexion of hip Nerve Supply: - Obturator nerve
50
OIAN of Adductor longus
Origin: - Anterior surface of body of pubis Insertion: - Linea aspera Action: - Adduction of hip - Flexion of hip Nerve Supply: - Obturator nerve
51
OIAN of Gracilis
Origin: - Body and inferior ramus of pubis Insertion: - Pes anserinus Action: - Adduction of hip - Flexion of hip - Internal rotation of flexed knee Nerve Supply: - Obturator nerve
52
What are the two heads of the adductor magnus?
Posterior head: crosses hip joint on posterior side, is an adductor and hip extensor Anterior head: crosses hip joint or anterior side, is an adductor and hip flexor
53
Why is the knee asymmetrical ?
Due to the Q-angle of the hip joint
54
What is the incorporation of fibrocartilage in the knee that bears the weight
Lateral and medial menisci
55
What are the 4 main ligaments of the knee
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tibial/Medial Collateral ligament (TCL or MCL) Fibular/Lateral Collateral ligament (FCL or LCL)
56
What do Cruciate, collateral, arcuate, oblique, and coronal mean?
Cruciate-cross shaped Collateral- situated side by side in parallel Arcuate-shaped like a bow Oblique-slanted Coronal-like a crown
57
The collateral ligaments are taught in _____, but more important in slight _____
taught in extension, but more important in slight flexion
58
Where does the transverse ligament join in the knee?
Joins the anterior edges of the menisci
59
How do the coronary ligaments wrap ?
the coronary ligaments wrap anterior-to-posterior sitting between the menisci and the tibia
60
What are the two degrees of freedom of the knee?
Flexion/extension Internal/external rotation Flexion occurs posteriorly and extension occurs anteriorly
61
When is knee injury most likely ?
during times with the knee is flexed and the foot is planted
62
What are the four knee extensors
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius
63
What are the six knee flexors
Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, sartorius, popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris
64
What are the three borders of the popliteal fossa? (directions)
Superolaterally by the biceps femoris - superomedially by the semimembranosis -inferolaterally and inferomedially by the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius
65
OIAN of Popliteus
Origin - Lateral condyle of femur Insertion - Proximal posterior tibia Action - “Unlocks” extended knee by internal rotation of tibia (normal) or external rotation of femur (reverse) Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
66
OIAN of Gastrocnemius
Origin - Medial Head – medial epicondyle of femur - Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur Insertion - Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Action - Plantarflexion of ankle - Flexion of knee Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
67
OIAN of Plantaris
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Insertion - Posterior calcaneus Action - Plantarflexion of ankle - Flexion of knee Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
68
OIAN of Rectus Femoris
Origin: - Anterior inferior iliac spine - Ilium above acetabulum Insertion: - Patella - Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action: - Extension of knee - Flexion of hip Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
69
OIAN of Vastus Lateralis
Origin: - Linea aspera - Greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line of femur Insertion: - Patella - Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action: - Extension of knee Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
70
OIAN of Vastus Medialis
Origin: - Linea aspera - Intertrochanteric line of femur Insertion: - Patella - Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action: - Extension of knee Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
71
OIAN Vastus intermedius
Origin: - Anterior and lateral femoral shaft Insertion: - Patella - Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action: - Extension of knee Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
72
OIAN of Semimembranosus
Origin: - Ischial tuberosity Insertion: - Posterior medial tibial condyle Action: - Flexion of knee - Internal rotation of flexed knee Extension of hip Nerve Supply: - Tibial division of sciatic nerve
73
OIAN of Biceps Femoris
Origin: - Long head - Ischial tuberosity - Short head – Linea aspera Insertion: - Lateral surface of head of fibula - Lateral condyle of tibia Action: Both heads: - Flexion of knee - External rotation of flexed knee Long head: - Also: extension of hip Nerve Supply: - Long head – Tibial division of sciatic nerve - Short head – Common peroneal division of sciatic nerve
74
OIAN of Sartorius
Origin: - Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: - Pes Anserinus Action: - Flexion of hip - Abduction of hip - External rotation of hip - Flexion of knee - Internal rotation of knee Nerve Supply: - Femoral nerve
75
OIAN Semitendinosus
Origin: - Ischial tuberosity Insertion: - Pes Anserinus Action: - Flexion of knee - Internal rotation of flexed knee - Extension of hip Nerve Supply: - Tibial division of sciatic nerve
76
What does the popliteal fossa contain?
sciatic nerve to the tibial and common peroneal nerves popliteal vein/artery/lymph nodes subcutaneous adipose fat
77
OIAN Tibialis Anterior
Origin - Lateral surface of tibia - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of first metatarsal - Medial cuneiform Action - Dorsiflexion of ankle - Inversion of foot Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve
78
OIAN Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin - Anterior surface of Fibula - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of big toe Action - Extension of big toe Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve
79
OIAN Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin - Proximal anterior shaft of fibula - Interosseous membrane - Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion - Extensor expansion of toes 2-5 Action - Extension of toes 2-5 - Dorsiflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve
80
OIAN Peroneus Tertius
Origin - Distal anterior fibula Insertion - Base of 5th metatarsal Action - Eversion of foot - Dorsiflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve
81
OIAN Peroneus Brevis
Origin - Distal lateral shaft of fibula Insertion - Base of 5th metatarsal Action - Eversion of foot - Plantarflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Superficial peroneal nerve
82
OIAN Peroneus Longus
Origin - Head and proximal lateral shaft of fibula Insertion - Base of 1st metatarsal - Medial cuneiform Action - Eversion of foot - Plantarflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Superficial peroneal nerve
83
OIAN of Tibialis Posterior
Origin - Posterior tibia - Proximal posterior fibula - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Navicular tuberosity - All cuneiforms - Cuboid - Bases of metatarsals 2-4 Action - Inversion of foot - Plantarflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
84
OIAN Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin - Posterior tibia Insertion - Distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Action - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP joints - Plantarflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
85
OIAN Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin - Distal posterior fibula - Interosseous membrane Insertion - Distal phalanx of big toe Action - Flexion of big toe Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
86
OIAN of Soleus
Origin - Soleal line of tibia - Proximal fibula Insertion - Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Action - Plantarflexion of ankle Nerve Supply - Tibial nerve
87
The ____ form a cradle into which the ___ of the talus fits
Malleoli into which the trochlea
88
What are the three articular surfaces of the talocrural ?
The superior gliding surface of the talus and the inferior surface of the tibia The medial malleolus of the tibia articulates with the medial surface of the talus The lateral surface of the talus articulates with medial surface of the fibula
89
What are three foot joints?
Talocalcaneal: talus and calcaneus Talonavicular: talus and navicular Calcaneocuboid: cuboid and calcaneus
90
OIAN Abductor Hallucis
Origin - Calcaneus Insertion - Base of proximal phalanx of big toe Action - Flexion of big toe at MTP joint - Abduction of big toe at MTP joint Nerve Supply - Medial plantar nerve
91
OIAN Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin - Calcaneus Insertion - Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5 Action - Abduction of toe 5 at MTP joint - Flexion of toe 5 at MTP joint Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
92
OIAN Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Origin - Calcaneus Insertion - Bases of middle phalanges of toes 2-5 Action - Flexion of toes 2-5 at PIP joints Nerve Supply - Medial plantar nerve
93
OIAN Quadratus Plantae
Origin - Calcaneus Insertion - Lateral surface of flexor digitorum longus tendon Action - Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP joints Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
94
OIAN Lumbricals
Origin - Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Insertion - Extensor expansion 2-5 Action - Flexion of toes 2-5 at MTP joints - Extension of toes 2-5 at IP joints Nerve Supply - Toes 2 – medial plantar nerve Toes 3-5 – lateral plantar nerves
95
OIAN Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Origin - Cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones Insertion - Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of big toe Action - Flexion of big toe at MTP joint Nerve Supply - Medial plantar nerve
96
OIAN of Adductor Hallucis
Origin - Oblique head: bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals - Transverse head: deep transverse metatarsal ligament and plantar plates of 3-5 MTP joints Insertion - Base of proximal phalanx of big toe Action - Adduction of big toe at MTP joint - Flexion of big toe at MTP joint Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
97
OIAN Flexor Digiti Minimi
Origin - Base of 5th metatarsal Insertion - Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5 Action - Flexion of toe 5 at MTP joint Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
98
OIAN Dorsal Interossei
Origin - Posterior surfaces from adjacent metatarsals Insertion - Extensor expansions of toe 2 and lateral sides of toes 2-4 Action - Abduction of toes 2-4 at MTP joints - Flexion of toes 2-4 at MTP joints - Extension of toes 2-4 at IP joints Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
99
OIAN Plantar Interossei
Origin - Medial sides of metatarsals 3-5 Insertion - Extensor expansions of toes 3-5 Action - Adduction of toes 3-5 at MTP joints - Flexion of toes 3-5 at MTP joints - Extension of toes 3-5 at IP joints Nerve Supply - Lateral plantar nerve
100
OIAN Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Origin - Anterior and lateral calcaneus Insertion - Extensor expansion of toes 2-5 Action - Extension of toes 2-5 Nerve Supply - Deep peroneal nerve
101
Four **lateral** ligaments of foot
Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL) Superior Peroneal Retinaculum (Retinacula) Calcaneofibular Ligament (Calcaneofibular)
102
What causes sprains? What causes strains?
Sprains are caused by stretches or tears in ligaments. They tend to occur at a precise moment when the joint is in an unnatural position. Strains are tears or stretches in tendons. They can occur at a precise moment or through repetitive movement
103
4 Medial Deltoid Ligaments of foot
Posterior tibiotalar Ligament Tibiocalcaneal Ligament Anterior tibiotalar ligament Tibionavicular Ligament
104
What is responsible for sexual dimorphism in the pelvis?
Estrogen

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions